First, the choice of species. Use varieties with strong resistance, wide adaptability and good commercial properties. In the spring season, the Netherlands spring early morning, Swiss snowball, and snow peaks were selected; in the autumn cultivation, Baifeng, Japan Snow Mountain, and Dutch snowball were selected.
Second, nurture strong seedlings:
1. Seedling raising methods: According to the cultivation season and methods, it can be cultivated in Yangshuo, plastic arch sheds, solar greenhouses and open fields. Explosive nursery should have rain, insect repellent, sunshade and other facilities.
2, with the amount of seed: 50-100 kg per mu.
3. Seed treatment: soak the seeds in warm water at 50°C for 20 minutes, stirring constantly, then continue soaking at room temperature for 3-4 hours; or use 50% omeprazole wettable powder for seed dressing.
4. Pregermination: Remove the soaked seeds and wash them. After a little air-drying, wrap them with a damp cloth and put them under 20-25°C. Rinse once daily with fresh water. When 60% of the seeds germinate, Can sow.
5, nursery bed preparation: (1) bed soil preparation. The fertile garden soil that had not been planted with cruciferous vegetables for nearly 3 years was thoroughly mixed with sieved manure in a 2:1 ratio, and 1 kg of compound fertilizer per cubic meter was added. The bed soil is spread into the bed with a thickness of 10-12 cm. (2) bed soil disinfection. Use 50% carbendazim WP and 50% thiram WP to mix 1:1, or 25% methine wettable powder and 70% mannep WP by 9:1 Mixing, 8-10 grams per cubic meter of medication, mixed with 4-5 kilograms of sieved fine soil, sowing 2/3 on the bed surface, the remaining 1/3 covered in the seed.
Third, sowing. Early spring plastic arch shed in the middle and late November, spring exposing in late December to early January, open autumn in late June, late autumn in mid-July. Fill the bottom water, after water infiltration, cover with a layer of fine soil (or medicine soil), spread the seeds evenly on the bed surface, cover the fine soil (medicinal soil) 0.6-0.8 cm. Summer and autumn open field seedlings can also be seeded by dry seeds.
Fourth, seedling management:
1, temperature management: sowing to Qimiao suitable daily temperature (°C) 20-22 °C, suitable for night temperature 15-18 °C; Qimiao to seedling suitable daily temperature 16-20 °C, suitable night temperature 8-12 °C; Seedlings suitable for warming 18-22°C daily temperature, suitable for night temperature 12-15°C; Suitable for daily temperature 10-18°C before suitable for planting; Suitable night temperature 6°C; Suitable day temperature for planting 10 days before planting 5-8 °C, suitable for night temperature 4-6 °C.
2. Seedlings: seedlings 1-2 times before seedlings, seedlings 2-3 cm away, diseased seedlings, seedlings and hybrid seedlings removed, and soiled once after seedlings.
3, points seedlings: seedlings 3 leaves 1 heart when the seedlings, according to 10 cm line spacing in the seedling bed ditch, sit Shuihui Miao or direct seedlings in a 10 cm 10 cm nutrient bowl, after the slow seedling planning 2-3 Secondly, bed soil is not watered, watering should be done with small water or water spray, watering is done for 7 days before planting, seedlings are planted after 1-2 days, and seedlings are grown at low temperature; seedlings are exposed in summer and autumn, and the temperature is too high. High watering, sunshade and other methods can be used to reduce the temperature; to prevent bed soil from drying out, at the same time, to prevent heavy rain from flushing the seedbed and promptly draining water from the seedbed. Shade after seedlings should be appropriate, conditional can be buckled nylon net pest control.
4, strong seedlings standards: plant robust, plant height 12 cm, 6-7 leaves, leaf hypertrophy, developed roots, no pests and diseases.
V. Preparation before planting:
1. Soil preparation and fertilization: The former is a non-cruciferous vegetable. Open field cultivation uses flat rakes, and protective grounds can also use semi-high rakes. Fertilization combined with site preparation, quality per ton 5000 tons of fertilizer, 9 kg of urea, 75 kg of superphosphate, 12 kg of potassium sulfate.
2, pest control room disinfection. (1) Let the pest control network block insects. It is sealed with 20-30 mesh nylon mesh at the vent of the booth to prevent the locusts from moving in. (2) Laying the flooding film. Covered with silver gray film to repel aphids. (3) Anti-disinfection in the greenhouse. Add 0.25 kg of sulphur powder per hectare and 0.25 kg of dichlorvos EC per acre, mix with sawdust, light it up in groups, seal it for 24 hours, and ventilate until the odourless room is planted.
6. Colonization: 1. Planting period: early spring plastic arch sheds from mid-late to early March, exposing the spring to late March to early April, and exposing to late autumn from late July to early August. Mid-late month. 2, method: According to the line spacing requirements to open ditch or digging, sit Shuimiao seedlings, but also after soil watering. 3. Density: 2700-4000 strains of early maturing type per mu with spacing of 50-6033-40 cm; medium and late maturing types of 1500-2700 strains with row spacing of 60-7040-60 cm.
VII. Management after planting: 1. Pre-growth period (warm seedlings to rosette period): 4 to 5 days after planting, water the seedlings, followed by cultivating 2-3 times with cultivator. Keep the soil dry and wet, and pour seedlings after 2 times of water, 7-10 days for early and medium-maturing seedlings, and 10-12 days for late-maturing seeds. After the end of seedlings, the combination of watering, topdressing 3 kg of urea per acre. The suitable temperature for the greenhouse is 15-20°C. 2. In the middle and late stages of growth (curdling period): The principle of watering to keep the soil moist. When the diameter of the flower ball is 3-4 cm, combined with watering, 6 kg of urea can be topdressed per mu, and the middle late-maturing variety can be increased by 1 top dressing. When the flower ball diameter is 8-10 cm, it is necessary to cover the leaves or leaves to keep the ball white. The suitable temperature of the greenhouse is 15-20°C. After the late autumn cultivation, the weather shall be changed in time to cover the mulch film or to store the planted material.
VIII. Pest control. The use of each pesticide species must strictly comply with safety intervals.
1, physical control: Yellow plate can be used to kill locusts, whitefly, with 6020 cm rectangular cardboard, coated with yellow paint, and then coated with a layer of oil, hung in the room, hang 30-40 blocks per acre, when the yellow board is full For pests such as aphids and whitefly, apply a layer of engine oil; silver grey membrane strips can also be used to repel aphids.
2. Prevention and cure of diseases by pesticides: The method of dust prevention and smoke prevention shall be used as the priority for protection. In dry and fine weather, it may also be sprayed and controlled. Attention should be paid to rotation and rational mixing.
(1) Downy mildew. Use 45% of chlorothalonil smoke agent 110-180 grams per acre, close smoke in the evening, smoke once every 7 days, smoke 3-4 times; find central disease strain, use 40% triethylphosphonic acid Aluminum wettable powder 150-200 times, or 72% of Propiowe (600 grams), 600-800 times, or 75% of chlorothalonil 500 times, alternating, alternating, 7 - Once in 10 days, spray 2-3 times.
(2) Black spot. At the beginning of the disease, 75% of chlorothalonil wettable powder 500-600 times, or 50% of iprodione WP 1500 times, 7-10 days, sprayed 2-3 times.
(3) Black rot. At the beginning of the disease, use 14% of colubridin solution 600 times, or 77% of copper hydroxide wettable powder 1500 times, or 72% of agricultural streptomycin sulfate powder 4000 times, once every 7-10 days. , spray 2-3 times.
(4) Gray mold. In the early stage of disease, use 10% of fast-keratin smoke agent 200-250 grams per mu, or spray 6.5% of oryzalin ultrafine dust agent or 5% of Garrinon dust agent, 1 kg per mu; after onset, use 50 % of quick-acting WP 2000 times, or 50% of iprodione wettable powder 1000-1500 times, or 40% of polysulfide suspension 600 times spray, spray once every 7-10 days, Spray 2-3 times.
(5) Black shank disease. In the early stage of disease, 60% of Duofu WP can be used 600 times, or 40% of polysulfide suspension can be 500-600 times, or 70% of chlorothalonil WP can be sprayed 600 times, and sprayed once every 9 days. , spray 1-2 times.
(6) Bacterial black spot. Medication method see black rot.
3, pesticide control pests:
(1) Lei Qing insects. 200ml of BT emulsion, or 5% of Sitafe EC 2500x, is sprayed during the hatching period of eggs, and 2.5% of cyfluthrin EC 5000 times, or 10% of bifenthrin (cypermethrin) is used before 2 larvae. Emulsion 1000 times, or 40% phoxim EC 1000x spray.
(2) Plutella xylostella. During the hatching period of eggs, 5% of Regent suspension is used, 17-34 ml/mu, 50-75 liters of water, or 5% of Sulfochlor EC 2000x, or 2.5% of avermectin before 2nd instar larvae. Emulsion 3000 times, or BT emulsion 200 times spray. The above medicines should be rotated and used interchangeably. Never use a single pesticide for continuous use.
(3) Locusts. Use 50% of Kangweiwei WP 2000-3000 times, or 10% of imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times, spray 6-7 days, spray 2-3 times. It is better to add proper amount of spreading agent when using medicine.
(4) Spodoptera exigua. The hatching period of eggs uses 5% of Sitaprom EC 2500-3000 times, or larvae are sprayed with 52.25% poisonous chlorine emulsion 1000 times before 3rd instar, and it can be used in sunny evenings. It can be used all day in cloudy days.
Nine, harvest. The bulbs are fully grown and compacted with a smooth surface and suitable for harvesting when the flowering branches are slightly loose. It can also be timely harvested according to market demand.
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