Selection principles: 1. pasture varieties that safely pass through winter; 2. pasture species that have obtained good growth and yield before planting; 3. pasture species that do not produce weeds harm to the crops that are made afterwards; It can grow long and form pasture varieties that can overwinter. Alternative herbage species: The grasses for the year-over-year grasses include mainly winter grazing 70 rye, fodder triticale, annual ryegrass, etc.; leguminous pastures mainly include turfgrass seedlings, milk vetch, and grass hibiscus.
Planting Techniques
In the field of autumn slaughter of pastures, the growth of pastures is the same as that of other crops. It cannot be separated from light, heat, air, moisture and nutrients. Water and nutrients are mainly obtained from the soil. Therefore, the winter fields should be rearranged before the pasture is sown.
Plowing. After the winter cropping fields used for growing pastures in autumn are harvested before the harvest, the land is cleared and plowed. The depth of plowing is generally more than 20 cm.
Base fertilizer. In order to enable the fallow pasture in autumn and winter to reach a certain amount of yield before winter, it is necessary to follow the principle of “a crop of flowers, relying solely on fertilizersâ€, after the land has been plowed, 2000 kg to 3,000 kg of farmland fertilizer is applied per mu. Compound fertilizer 20 kg ~ 30 kg as the base fertilizer.耙. Use disc harrows to pulverize the ploughed soil before sowing.
Raise the seed germination rate of autumn sowing grass to increase the success rate of autumn sowing grass cultivation in winter free field, reduce the waste of seeds and increase the grass yield per unit area. Before sowing grass sowing, it should be based on the different characteristics of different pasture varieties to increase the germination rate of grass seeds. Technology.
Legume seed hard-breaking technology. The seed coats of Leguminosae seedlings, such as Fructus Lycii, Ziyunying, and Cinnamomum camphora in winter slaughtered autumn pasture varieties, have a dense array of Martensitic cells. After sowing, soil moisture does not easily infiltrate and directly affect the germination. Hard-breaking techniques are applied before sowing to improve germination. rate. 1 Physically broken skin. Use stone roller to grind or use roller compactor to treat or combine the leguminous pasture seeds with a certain amount of crushed stone and gravel and put it into a stirring shaker to stir and oscillate, until the surface of the seed is coarse and fluffy, it is better to not crush the seeds. Improve water absorption ability and germination ability after seed sowing. 2 Variable temperature soaking. Use hot water to soak the seeds for a day and night and remove them. Exposure to the sun during the day and cool to the night. Add water to keep the seeds moist. When most of the seeds are inflated, sow according to the lyrics. 3 add acid treatment. Add 3% to 5% of dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to the seeds, and mix well until the seed coat cracks. Then put the seeds into running water and clean them. After drying, sow them.
Grass grass species to mans technology. In winter pasture field autumn pasture varieties, annual grasses such as annual ryegrass grass often have spikes, glumes and other appendages, these appendages are not easy to remove during harvesting and processing, after sowing will affect the seed germination rate. Before sowing, it can be applied to a man-made machine or pressed with a ring-shaped repressor to screen and remove mansard.
Sowing techniques
The time of autumn sowing in winter sowing field autumn pasture can be determined based on the time of previous crop harvest. Grazing grass is usually planted in mid-October, sowing early, will lead to early growth, or even jointing, and is vulnerable to the threat of freezing.
Sowing method Winter sowing field Autumn sowing grass seeding method is better. Drilling spacing is generally 15 cm to 30 cm, legume grass spacing is 20 cm to 25 cm, and grass is 20 cm.
Seeding Depth Determine the thickness of the covering soil layer according to the seed size of the pasture. The seed is small and the soil is thin, and the seed can be thicker than the soil. The soil moisture is better and the soil is dry.
Cutting technology
The suitable cutting time for fallow pastures in winter and field should not only consider the yield of pasture and the content of various nutrients, but also more importantly ensure the safe wintering of pasture and the returning green growth in early spring.
Foraging pastures of different pastures Grazing pastures such as winter grazing rye and forage rye are generally culled once before winter, and once or twice in spring. In winter, the fields of legumes, such as hairy pods and purple Yunying, are generally not castrated before winter, and are castrated 1 to 2 times in the spring of the following year.
The height of the cut and stubble leaves The height of autumn topiary cutting and stubble keeping has a great influence on the yield, quality, pasture regeneration and growth of the next year. Grazing grass before winter castration, should stay high 6 cm ~ 7 cm; spring spawning stubble height 4 cm ~ 5 cm; spring legume castrated grass remaining height 4 cm ~ 5 cm is appropriate.
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