Artificial Cultivation Technique of Pueraria (II)——Cultivation and Colonization of Pueraria
In the previous article, we talked about the biological characteristics of Pueraria lobata in artificial cultivation techniques. Today, Xiaobian will talk to you about the cultivation and colonization of Pueraria.
Cultivation of Ge Miao
There are mainly three methods of seed breeding, bead breeding and rod insertion breeding. However, due to the low germination rate of seed breeding, the growth of seedlings is slow, and the actual production is mostly carried out by using strips and breeding. The method of stalk breeding is relatively simple and suitable for large-area seedlings. The specific method is: pressing a thick and strong branch near the ground for one or two years on the ground, and pressing the soil into a wave shape on the stem section. Soon, the pressed stem section will root and form new plants. However, the breeding of the bead has certain shortcomings, that is, the seedlings are not concentrated, the specifications of the seedlings are uneven, and it is difficult to manage. Therefore, the following focuses on the method of breeding.
1. Seedbed preparation
Before the insertion, build the seedbed first. The seedbed is generally built in a place where the leeward is sunny and there is no high animal hazard. It is best to choose sandy soil. If it is sticky soil, it should be mixed with fine sand to prevent water accumulation in the seedbed. The width of the seedbed is 60~70 cm and the height is 15 cm. The distance between the seedbed and the seedbed is 30 cm. The length of the seedbed depends on the terrain and can be long or short.
2. Rattan selection and cutting of cuttings
The rattan used for the insertion usually chooses the annual, thick, spore-sized branches, and the robust and close-to-ground lignified parts. Such rattans have strong vitality and are easy to form new roots. Then cut the rattan into cuttings. When cutting, the scissors and the branches are at an angle of 90°, and cut them with force. Note that the cuts should be smooth, and do not leave cracks and wrecks. The length of the cuttings is 6-10 cm. There must be a full spore on each cutting, leaving the spores in the middle of the cuttings.
3. Cutting
Before the insertion, the rattan strips that have been cut into sections are sterilized. Usually, the cuttings are placed in a 1:1500 potassium permanganate dilution solution for 5 minutes, and then inserted. When the rod is inserted, the rattan should be inserted obliquely, and the small bud should face up and the petiole face down. The angle between the rattan and the bed surface is 30°. When inserting, the small buds on the vine segment should be just unearthed, taking care not to damage the spores. The rods are inserted and the row spacing is 5 cm each. When the insertion is completed, it is usually necessary to apply some decomposed fertilizer or farmyard manure, then pour the water, then lay a layer of grass, and finally, a plastic film is placed on it. Be careful to press the plastic film. The advantage of this is to maintain the humidity of the seedbed, increase the temperature, and promote the early germination of the rattan. Usually water is poured once every 3 days. After 20~30 days, the inserted rattan will take root. When the seedling grows to 5 cm, it can be planted in the field.
Planting of Ge Miao
1. Land selection
In order to obtain high yield of artificially cultivated Pueraria, it is necessary to first select the plot. Usually, a well-drained flat land or a slope with a slope of about 3° is selected. It is better to use the southeast slope in terms of aspect selection. The reason is that the light is good, the temperature difference between day and night is small, the soil moisture is large, and the freezing damage is light. In terms of soil, it is advisable to choose fertile and loose sandy soil or light clay. The reason is that these soils are permeable to water and have good gas permeability, which is beneficial to the activity of organisms and the decomposition of organic matter, and the water seepage is uniform during irrigation and the fertilizer-preserving ability is strong. Of course, if it is a large-scale planting, it should also consider whether the water source is sufficient.
2. Site preparation
Soil preparation can loosen the soil and promote soil ripening. The basic requirements for land preparation are: the land is flat, the upper part is solid, the soil is finely divided, and there are no roots and stones. The depth of the soil preparation is generally 25 to 35 cm. In order to create good growth and development conditions for seedlings, it is generally necessary to make ridges. The length, width and height of the seedlings are the same, the ridge width is 60-70 cm, the ridge height is 15%, and the length can be determined according to the topography. After the ridge is done, don't plant it immediately. Usually, you need to make a small mound on the ridge. Because the pueraria is not afraid of drought, it is a small mound to prevent the roots of the pueraria roots after planting. The small mounds are separated by a distance of 30 cm.
3. Colonization
Ge Miao is generally planted in the period from February to April each year, and 1000-1300 plants are planted per 1/15 hectare (1 mu). The plant spacing is 30 cm and the line spacing is 90 cm. Before starting the seedling, be sure to pour the seedling bed through the water, then carefully pull out the seedlings, and bring some soil to avoid damage to the roots. When planting, dig a small hole on the small mound, and apply 100~150 grams of organic fertilizer to each hole as the base fertilizer. Mix well to avoid burning the roots of the seedlings. Then put the Ge Miao into the planting hole, pay attention to the vertical planting, to have a 30° bevel, be sure to smooth the roots, cover the floating soil, and compact. The advantage of this is that it is beneficial to the roots to tie down, easy to absorb water and nutrients, so that the seedlings grow fast. In order to ensure the survival of the planted Ge Miao, it is necessary to pour the root water, and then water each time in the morning and evening.
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