Causes of disease Yellowing of fruit trees is mainly caused by iron deficiency. Iron is low in soil and it is caused by poor mobility in plants. The main causes of soil iron deficiency are the following:
1 The soil contains more saline and more alkali. In alkaline soil pH is too high, iron can not be absorbed by plants, the formation of iron deficiency chlorosis, and thus iron deficiency yellowing occurred in the saline-alkaline area.
2 Soil organic matter is too low. The low content of organic matter in the soil reduces the effectiveness of iron and cannot be absorbed and utilized by fruit trees.
3 The content of phosphorus, manganese or zinc in the soil is too high. Unreasonable fertilization, especially excessive application of phosphate fertilizers, can easily lead to iron deficiency.
4 related to soil and irrigation. Soil heavy weight, poor drainage, and regular irrigation of orchards are more serious. During the drought, due to evaporation of water, the salt content in the surface soil increased, which also led to the occurrence of yellowing disease.
Prevention and control methods 1 soil fertilization. In fruit trees planted in saline-alkali land, trenches are ditched each other between rows (or between plants) in autumn each year, and appropriate amounts of ammonium bicarbonate and superphosphate are mixed with good soil and weeds, leaves, and straw, and then backfilled. After several years of deep turning and soil improvement, the soil can be improved, and the content of soil organic matter can be greatly increased, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of yellowing disease.
2 soil testing and fertilization. It is necessary to pay attention to the rational application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and to increase organic fertilizers and trace fertilizers.
3 leaf spray iron fertilizer. Foliar application of iron fertilizer is the most commonly used method to improve the iron deficiency disease in plants. The iron-containing nutrient solution (such as ferrous sulfate and EDTA-Fe) is sprayed on the leaf surface and mixed with acidic pesticides. According to the degree of yellowing, spray every 7 to 10 days, spray 2 or 3 times.
4 increase iron fertilizer. In general, the effect of applying iron fertilizer alone is not ideal, mainly because iron will quickly turn into insoluble oxides. In order to increase the effect of iron fertilizer, iron fertilizer can be mixed with organic fertilizer and applied in strips or holes. The chelated iron fertilizer (EDTA-Fe) has a very strong stability, and the soil, especially the alkaline soil, has very good effect of supplementing iron with chelated iron fertilizer.
5 drilling application. Hanging needle infusion or drilling method can be used. Hanging needle infusion is the same as the human infusion, and it is used to input iron-containing nutrient solution, such as Guangtai Micro Fertilizer. The drilling method is to drill granular or plate-like organic iron fertilizers such as Fulingling suppository and Fulv agent capsules on the trunk of fruit trees.
6 Reasonable irrigation. Reasonable irrigation should not only guarantee the normal water supply of fruit trees, but also prevent orchards from accumulating water for a long time, and maintain the good permeability of orchard soil, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of yellowing disease.
7 Orchard ploughing. The ploughing of orchard soil in spring and summer each year can not only increase the organic matter content of orchard soil, but also improve the permeability of soil, and can also change the composition of soil nutrients around the rhizosphere of fruit trees, which is beneficial to the prevention of the occurrence of yellowing disease.
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