First, the use of diesel engines:
1, check preparation:
Check that the oil level on the oil pan is between the top and bottom of the oil scale.
Check for adequate coolant.
Check if the diesel is sufficient, and clean the air in the pipeline:
Loosen the bleed plug of the oil return pipe on the fuel injection pump and turn the handle on the pump counterclockwise. After the handle is lifted, repeatedly press down. After the diesel oil is released from the bleeder plug, the screw will be released. Plug and fuel pump handle tightened.
Check that the intake and exhaust piping connections are sealed and secure.
Check the water pump belt tightness is appropriate:
In the middle of the two pulleys of the water pump and the charger, a force of 4-5 kilograms is applied downward, and the belt sinking is preferably 10-15 mm.
Check if the electrical circuit is firmly connected and if it is touched or damaged.
Check for any leaks (oil leaks, leaks, leaks).
Check various instruments and sensing elements for defects.
Check that the peripheral parts are tightly connected.
2, start:
The diesel engine can be started only after the completion of the pre-starting work and the confirmation of the compliance with the requirements (when the winter weather is cold, the diesel engine must be warmed up before starting).
When starting the diesel engine, the continuous starting time cannot exceed 10 seconds; the time interval for the secondary starting should not be less than 1 minute; if it fails to start for three consecutive times, the cause should be checked, troubleshooting should be performed, and starting again.
Never start the throttle after starting.
Oil pressure: Can't be lower than 0.1Mpa when idle, the pressure is too low, the bad lubrication of the engine will cause the wear of each movement;
Check the working condition of the pump is good, check whether there are "three leaks" or abnormal sound;
Check the working condition of each car instrument. If any abnormality is found, it must be stopped immediately, checked, and repaired if necessary.
It is forbidden to idle for a long time: After starting, idle for 3-5 minutes. The general requirement is not more than 10 minutes. Otherwise it may cause failures such as the burning of the oil burner and cylinder sleeve piston rings.
3, run:
After the diesel engine is started, the engine with high throttle and high load and high load is prohibited. The engine speed should be gradually increased. The water temperature should rise above 60°C. The engine can be normally operated after it is fully lubricated and heated.
In normal operation, the oil pressure should be between 0.25-0.6MPa.
The water temperature during normal operation should be between 75-95°C.
When the car is in the driving phase, the driver should always pay attention to observing the various instruments on the car and keep abreast of the operation of the engine. If abnormal conditions are found, they must be immediately stopped, checked, and repaired if necessary.
4. Shutdown:
Ignition will stop 3 to 5 minutes before stop and avoid rapid stop, especially when operating at high speed and high load.
After each stop, the faults found during the operation must be promptly removed, and the necessary checks are often made to ensure the normal technical state of the diesel engine.
Second, the maintenance of diesel engines:
1, run-in:
The new diesel engine (or newly repaired diesel engine) must be pre-run-in to improve the cooperation of each friction pair and improve the working ability, which is essential to ensure the reliability and service life of the diesel engine.
The running-in time is 40-50 hours. The power and speed of the running-in period should be from low to high, but the maximum should not exceed 80% of the rated power.
Replace the oil and oil filter after the run-in period.
It is forbidden to idle for a long time and run at a low speed, otherwise it may cause early wear and failure of the oil burner. (Some users equate normal running-in with idling-in running-in. After the machine is bought back, it is idling for a long time. In fact, this method is wrong. The running-in period can be performed as long as it does not overload.)
2, the use of oil:
15W/40, 20W/50 (use outside temperature -10°C～50°C)
15W/40, 10W/30 (use outside temperature -20°C～40°C)
5W/30, 5W/40, 0W/30 (use outside temperature -20°C or less)
Naturally aspirated diesel engines are recommended to use CD-grade or higher grade engine oil, and turbocharged diesel engines are recommended to use CF grade or higher grade engine oil.
During the use of the diesel engine, it will consume a certain percentage of oil.
Different brands of engine oil may adversely affect the diesel engine due to different formulations.
It is forbidden to use inferior engine oil, otherwise it will cause serious damage to the diesel engine. The resulting failure will not be warranted by Yuchai.
When the oil becomes thinner, thicker, darker, and loses its viscosity, the oil must be replaced in time. A replacement cycle of 150-250 hours is recommended.
When changing the oil, the oil filter must be replaced at the same time. Please guide the user to use a good quality diesel filter.
3, the use of diesel:
No. 0 diesel (use outside temperature ≥ 4°C)
-No. 10 diesel (use external temperature -5 °C ~ 4 °C)
-No. 20 diesel (use outside temperature -14°C～-5°C)
-35 diesel (use external temperature -29 °C ~ 14 °C)
-50# diesel (use outside temperature -44°C～29°C)
The oil suction port extending into the tank should be more than 25mm away from the bottom of the tank, and at the same time avoiding the oil from the bottom of the tank to enter the fuel system of the diesel engine with water and impurities.
There is a filter at the inlet connection of the oil pump, which is used to filter out the impurities in the diesel fuel. Please clean the filter regularly.
The user should fill the regular gas station with diesel fuel that meets the requirements, and avoid using bulk oil operated by the oil trader. Otherwise, the fuel oil can easily get stuck. The Yuchai failure due to the failure of the used diesel oil is not guaranteed.
Please guide users to use diesel compressors with good reputation. It is recommended to use 200-300 hours for replacement.
4, the use of coolant:
If water is used as coolant, clean soft water should be used instead of hard water such as well water, river water, and spring water.
The commonly used hard water softening method is to remove precipitate after boiling precipitation. A more thorough method is to add a softener in hard water, for example, 0.5 to 1 g of sodium bicarbonate (soda ash) or 0.5 to 0.8 g of sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) per liter of water.
Antifreeze is recommended as a coolant, especially when the ambient temperature is low and altitude is high. Antifreeze has antifreeze, anti-corrosion, anti-cavitation, anti-scaling, high boiling point and other functions.
High-quality antifreeze is a brand qualified by the country's designated testing station. From the appearance point of view, it is clear, transparent, free from impurities, turbid, and non-irritating odor. The product packaging should have detailed production unit names, product specifications and clear The indicator description.
The use of poor quality antifreeze can not only prevent freezing and prevent boiling, but will accelerate the corrosion of the cooling system.
5, air filter maintenance:
Air filter principle:
One-stage filtration: air-guiding hood (makes the air turbulent, and the dust is deposited to the bottom under the action of gravity and centrifugal force and discharged from the dust bag)
Secondary Filtration: Main filter element (main filter function, filtering effect is over 95%)
Three-stage filtration: safety filter element (helps to filter and prevent foreign matter from entering)
maintenance:
Air filter housing: Clean the dust in the filter chamber, the air hood, and the dust bag. Be careful not to discard the air hood without use.
Main filter element: Brush the dust on the surface of the filter element with a brush and blow it out of the filter element with compressed air (0.4-0.6 MPa pressure).
Safety filter: Clean with your hands and avoid blowing with air.
Installation: Check whether the seal ring is broken or not. When tightening, first rotate the filter element to make it in place. It must be noted that the installation must be sealed and no air can be short-circuited.
Be careful to check that the dust bag outlet must be down.
When the filter paper of the main filter element is distorted, affixed, unevenly spaced, etc., the filter paper filter hole is blocked, and the filter paper is damaged, etc., it must be replaced; when the inner and outer surface colors of the safety filter element become basically the same, it must be promptly replaced.
Please guide the user to use the qualified air filter produced by the factory. The inferior air filter will cause great damage to the diesel engine due to the filter paper quality and insufficient filter area.
During the harvest season, dust is particularly high due to the harsh working environment. It is recommended that at least two air filters be checked and cleaned every day.
Particularly important: The use of poor quality air filter elements or improper maintenance can easily cause serious failures such as early wear and tear. Yuchai will not warrant this.
6, other maintenance:
During the harvest season, daily cleaning of diesel, cooling water tanks on the straw, wheat, dust and other debris, so as to avoid high water temperature failure.
The water pump adopts a shaft bearing structure, which has been moistened with grease, sealed, no grease, and maintenance-free.
The lubrication of the fuel injection pump is forced lubrication. It is integrated with the lubrication system of the diesel engine and does not require the separate addition of oil.
It is forbidden for the user to remove the seal on the fuel injection pump to adjust it, otherwise it may cause malfunctions such as running food, speeding, and machine damage.
When replacing or adjusting the nozzles, the original installed copper gaskets must be installed one by one according to the original state and must not be confused.
Adjustment of parameters such as fuel supply advance angle, valve clearance, injection pressure, and oil pressure can be found in the specifications of the corresponding models.
7, parking, storage:
When not in use for a long time, the vehicle should be stored in a dry, ventilated, non-corrosive room; if it is stored in the open air, please do a good job of protecting the diesel engine, such as the waterproof and moisture-proof of the charger and the starter, and the anti-aging of the rubber parts.
Perform the necessary oil seal work to prevent corrosion.
If the oil still needs to be used, please store it in the appropriate container to prevent oxidation.
Remove the pump belt and store it to prevent it from aging.
The diesel engine is required to use antifreeze as much as possible. In special cases, diesel engines without antifreeze are used. When the ambient temperature is lower than 5°C, the diesel engine needs to be kept clean when it is parked overnight or not used for a long time. Diesel engine parts.
When the water is drained, please park the entire vehicle on a flat surface, turn on the oil cooler and the drain switch on the tank to discharge water, and open the pressure cover on the tank to prevent the negative pressure from being used to make the water unclean.
Yuchai shall not guarantee the failure of the diesel engine that has not been released or is not clean.
Third, agricultural diesel common faults:
1, injector stuck, ablation:
Most of them are related to the quality of the diesel used by the user. In addition, improper operation of the user may also have an impact, such as prolonged idle speed.
Use the "broken cylinder method" to disconnect each cylinder high pressure tubing from cylinder to cylinder, determine which cylinder's fuel injector is faulty, and then remove the nozzle, use diesel to clean it first, and clean it with a wood chip to scrape the carbon after trial. If not, replace it.
2, the charger does not generate electricity:
The working environment is harsh and overheating due to wheatman coverage.
Straw and other debris through the protective cover into the charger into the card to die.
User's use, improper maintenance, charging motor damp, user private access to electrical equipment.
The vehicle line is not properly configured.
3, high water temperature:
Straw, wheatman, and other debris clogged radiator fins to reduce the cooling effect and cause the engine to overheat.
Matte dust covering the diesel engine is also responsible for engine overheating.
The pump belt is too loose and the coolant flow is insufficient.
Thermostat damaged.
4, burning tiles, holding shaft:
The quality of the selected oil is poor and caused by poor lubrication.
5, burning oil:
Improper maintenance of air filter and short circuit of the air intake line have caused the cylinder liner and piston ring to wear.
6, starter does not work:
Do not operate as required and start frequently.
7, poor fuel injection pump:
Diesel is dirty and the plunger is stuck.
Users ran faster on the road and adjusted the pump privately.
8, unable to work:
The air filter is clogged, reducing the filtration efficiency and insufficient air intake.
Diesel pipeline with air, diesel filters, tubing plugged.
Stopped oil stuck, oil throttle, stop oil adjustment caused by improper adjustment.
Changes in fuel supply lead angle.
Insufficient atomization of the injector.