Sweet potato is the main food crop in China. It has high calorie content and is rich in vitamins, minerals and cellulose. Now sweet potatoes have been widely recognized as health care products. In recent years, the sweet potato planting area in China has steadily increased. In the steady and high-yield cultivation of sweet potato, safe storage is an important part of high yield and production protection. First, the physiological characteristics of storage period Sweet potato root harvested, fresh potatoes, large volume, high water content, young tissue, thin and easy to damage, vulnerable to cold damage and infection and rot. Sweet potato still has vigorous breathing during storage, and its respiratory intensity is ten to ten times larger than that of cereal seeds. Sweet potato undergoes aerobic respiration when there is sufficient O2, more O2 is inhaled, and more CO2 and heat are released. When O2 is insufficient At the time, the sweet potato undergoes anaerobic respiration, producing alcohol, CO2, and a small amount of calories. Alcohol has a toxic effect on potato chips and can easily cause rotten pits. Second, the safe storage of the environmental requirements l. Temperature: sweet potato storage temperature is l0 °C -l4 °C, in this range, breathing is not much difference. When the temperature rises to 20°C, respiration increases, consumes more nutrients, causes delirium, and accelerates the occurrence of melasma and soft rot. Less than 9 °C vulnerable to cold damage, so that the inside of the potato block become brown and black, hard core, boiled, late perishable. 2. Humidity: The optimum humidity for sweet potato storage is 80%-95%. When the relative humidity in the cellar is lower than 80%, the sweet potato loses water and wilt, causing the food quality to decline. When the relative humidity is greater than 95%, although the respiration is reduced, the microbial activity is prosperous and susceptible to disease. 3. Air composition: According to the determination, when the 02 and CO2 in the air are 15% and 5%, respectively, it can inhibit the respiration, reduce the consumption of organic nutrients, and increase the time of the sweet potato thief. When O2 is less than 5%, sweet potatoes undergo anaerobic respiration and rot. Third, the preparation before storage Sweet potato harvest time is closely related to safe storage. Sweet potatoes are vegetative, have unlimited growth characteristics, and have low yields due to premature harvest. Late harvests are susceptible to cold storage. Harvesting began when the temperature was 18°C, and the best temperature was above l0°C. Harvest lightly, lightly, and gently. Remove diseased, insect bite, damaged, flooded tubers and store them in the storage place of sweet potatoes for 3-4 days. If you use an old cellar, clean it before entering the cellar. The old cellar that has become sick should be sulphur-sealed, fumigated, or stripped of 2 cm from the pit wall. The sweet potato in the cellar is generally preferred to occupy 2/3 of the cellar space. Fourth, storage methods l. Storage method of the cellar pits: digging in the outdoors, 2m deep, 1.5m wide, the length is determined by the storage. Put one wood column every 80cm on the pit and lay 20cm thick corn stalks, rice straw or wheat straw. About 0.5m is covered with soil, leaving the exit to the south. 2. Well pit storage method: northern cold areas, this method can be used. Digging well depth 3-5m, about lm diameter of the upper wellhead, the lower diameter of 1.5m, digging holes in both sides of the bottom of the well, the bottom of the need to pad yellow sand. 5. The management measures should include the three principles of pre-ventilation cooling, medium-term heat preservation and cold-proof, and late cellar temperature stabilization. Initial storage: sweet potatoes within 20 days after entering the cellar, the temperature is high, high humidity, often the phenomenon of "sweat", so that piles of wet potato damage, can be covered with a layer of hay on the potato heap. Also be careful not to seal the cellar prematurely. Mid-term storage: Sweet potato is in the middle period from the 20th to the second year of February when it enters the pit. At this time, the temperature is low and it is vulnerable to cold damage. It is necessary to close the pit. In addition, the pile of grass on the potato pile can also prevent cold damage. Late storage: The physiological function of the sweet potato after long-term storage is declining. At this time, the temperature rises and the ventilation in the pit shall be opened in time to reduce the temperature and humidity in the pit. During storage, we must pay attention to two points. First, we must check and find that the bad potatoes are removed in time. Second, we must use light tests before lowering the pit. China Agricultural Network Editor
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