Today is the 34th World Food Day. Food is closely related to each of us. Since 2004, China’s grain has increased for 10 consecutive years. So, how can food production continue to increase in the future? How can agricultural science and technology become the key to promoting the development of modern agriculture? In the path of technological innovation and promotion, what kind of development ideas do we need? CCTV Finance Channel host Shen Zhu and special commentator Zheng Fengtian, professor of the School of Agriculture and Rural Development at Renmin University of China and famous financial commentator Liu Ge jointly commented.
World Food Day focuses on innovation and promotion of agricultural science and technology.
Zheng Fengtian: Science and Technology and Policy Are the Core Reasons for China's Grain Harvest
(Special Commentator on CCTV Financial Review)
The first is technology, and the second is policy. For example, many low-yield fields have been transformed, and grain production capacity may have to be increased several times. Scientific and technological policies are, in particular, new varieties, various types of machinery, irrigation, etc., to increase the efficiency of resource utilization. Policies also play a very important role. I remember ten years ago that, for example, agricultural crops, and agricultural taxes were very heavy. Many farmers may not grow crops and make no money. Then these years, they will make up 100 billion yuan from the beginning of the year. After that, it will increase by 100 billion yuan each year. Now, the investment in agriculture-related agriculture last year has already reached 1.4 trillion yuan, which is actually very important for the entire agricultural development. Farmers can earn good income by relying on grain, especially after the expansion of scale. Therefore, relying on science and technology, and relying on policy, have always been a core cause of China's past grain harvest.
In terms of imports and exports, we have made a relatively large adjustment to the structure of grain throughout the country. We imported a lot of soybeans (4456, 28.00, 0.63%), but we saved 300-500 million mu of cultivated land. We need to grow rice. For example, when I went to the northeast, he had to plant rice in the best place, and plant corn in the worst place (2382,
-1.00, -0.04%), the worst way to grow soybeans, why? Because rice in the northeast has only one season a year, the people of the country are willing to buy northeast rice. Because it is delicious, it is basically no pesticide, so this is the structure of our import and export. In addition, from the concept of large grain and small grain, small grains mainly refer to grains, traditionally wheat, corn and soybeans. From the point of view of big food, our country’s progress will be even greater. In the past, we may have taken grain as our guide and dedicated to eating food. In fact, these years we have seen a large increase in meat, eggs, milk, fruits, and vegetables. I recently made a discovery to the Fisheries Department of the Ministry of Agriculture. In fact, our country’s fisheries have also undergone great changes in these years. In the past, it may be very expensive to eat fish. Now, all kinds of meat can be eaten all year round.
To give a simple example, for example, the original wheat, an acre of land may be a couple of hundred pounds a few decades ago, now our good technology, stable 1000 kilos no problem. Rice is also, you see rice, Yuan Longping engaged in high-tech, a few kilograms of an acre of land, these are all to be back after the improved species, and excellent varieties are bred out, it requires a variety of high-tech, relying on the traditional The slash-and-burn fire is not enough. Behind it are all kinds of modern breeding techniques and cultivation techniques. For example, if a good breed is cultivated, but if there is no good cultivation technique, the so-called cultivation techniques, when it is planted, when it is dense, ventilation and light conditions, etc., this requires agronomic techniques. This technique should It is one of the most developed countries in our country compared to other countries. In the United States, a prominent economist named Sowers, he proposed that the real reform of agriculture must invest in peasants. If the small peasant’s knowledge and culture level is high, he will master the new technology or the willingness to adopt new technologies. Will be greatly improved, so that agriculture can also be revolutionary. He also won the Nobel Prize in Economics for this point of view. He invested in small farmers and transformed traditional agriculture.
Liu Ge: The issue of food security is still the focus and needs to be vigilant
(Reporter on CCTV Financial Review)
The continuous advancement of technology, such as Yuan Longping’s hybrid rice, has made new breakthroughs in the single yield of rice in the south. In comparison with the entire world and the world, China’s agriculture is generally relatively backward, but if the yield of staple food is not worse than which country in the world. However, in the areas of animal husbandry, milk, eggs, and meat, there are still other more extensive areas that are relatively backward, and these aspects also need to be further promoted by science and technology. Now, whether it is a staple food or a non-staple food, from the big food conception, the supply situation has undergone a big change, and it is getting better and better. However, on a worldwide scale, food security is still a problem. Need to chant questions.
Since 2000, the food prices in the world have seen the index of food prices double again in the past ten years. According to the concept of food security given by the United Nations, we can buy it at any time, afford it, and be able to meet the nutritional and dietary preferences needed for a healthy life. Then, as prices increase, Many low-income people in many countries still have problems with food security, so the alarm bells have to ring.
Zheng Fengtian: Produce safe foods to enable farmers to master high-tech
(Special Commentator on CCTV Financial Review)
We must let farmers master these technologies. For example, the year before last made a special number one document on agricultural science and technology. The core is that our past agricultural extension system may have some problems under the tide of the market, so the country now proposes Agricultural extension system was established. Because it is a public welfare promotion system, for example, letting farmers master these technologies, these technologies are not immediately grasped by farmers after the research institutes came out. How can we make farmers understand these new technologies and new technologies still have a certain threshold? It is not that new technologies will be used, so you have to tell him how to use them. I think that after mastering these technologies in general, all quantity safety and quality safety will be solved.
I read an article yesterday and said that in fact he may still need some investment in the production of safe food for the peasants. These investments are all technologies. After they have mastered these technical standards, they may be produced. If you do not master it, you may have problems. So how do you get farmers to master these modern technologies, the state has invested a lot of power in these years, such as agricultural social service system, a variety of public welfare promotion systems, etc. After the establishment, our country's scattered small farmers You can use these high technologies.
Liu Ge: Let agriculture be transformed from the most traditional industries into high-tech industries
(Reviewer of CCTV Financial Review)
Like the United States, his agricultural population is only 1%, and Europe is 5% or less. When you look at the structure of the practitioners inside, the number of people who really manage the fields is very small. What are the remaining people doing? It is a big chunk to engage in agricultural machinery, and it is a big one to engage in seed research. If you look at the agriculture of these developed countries, the proportion of these people who are technically engaged and those who are directly working hard is really a high-tech industry. It is associated with many biomedical and many electronic industry people. The composition is the same. I believe that our country also needs to complete such a transformation in a relatively short period of time, that is, to turn agriculture from a most traditional industry into a high-tech industry.
In fact, whether it is rice or wheat technology, both breeding and cultivation techniques are improving. The facts have proved that China has solved China's problems and is also contributing to the world. I went to Yuan Longping’s Hunan Rice Research Institute and saw a series of training sessions on hybrid rice from third-world countries. The countries of Vietnam, Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Africa, including these countries, stage one The first phase has been in place for 10 years. After these talented people returned, they have played a huge role in the development of local agriculture, including some scientists and some agricultural officials. China has 5,000 years of farming techniques. At the same time, it now has an entire system of practice. If it can cooperate with other countries in the world, it will contribute to global food security in addition to ensuring the food security of their countries.
Furthermore, the use of technology is not only a barrier to development, but also a barrier to use. Now our land is too scattered. When more and more land is relatively concentrated, such as family farms or some cooperatives, it is more conducive to the popularization of agricultural technology.
Zheng Fengtian: Solving food problems in a hostile environment, China has more say
(Special Commentator on CCTV Financial Review)
In fact, in recent years, China has done a good job in agricultural research in developing countries. Why? Because China is a developing country, we have also solved the problem of food and clothing for the 13 billion people in China under the conditions of bad resources. So how can we solve food problems in a very hostile environment? China may speak more than these countries in Europe and America. right. In the past few years, many Chinese people have gone to Africa. It may have been mainly for construction. As a result, supermarket vegetables in Africa have been found to be very expensive. Some people have started to grow vegetables, and African farmers have been able Africans also learned to follow. In fact, China's thousands of years of farming civilization, family management, and the ability to learn new technologies have inspired great African farmers. For example, many places in Africa do not attract new breeds. Basically, they are simply scattered into the fields. Chinese farmers must be intensively cultivated. Therefore, the practice of agriculture in China, especially after the farmers went to Africa to do demonstrations, the African farmers discovered that In this way, the yield and quality of food are much higher.
I think the Central Government already has a layout, that is to say, through a kind of agricultural science and technology, through a variety of farmer training, through a complete system, it can only be a perfect combination.
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