Open field planting techniques of summer squash in summer and autumn
1. Variety selection
In summer and autumn, summer squash has a high temperature in the early growth period, and the occurrence of aphids and whitefly can easily lead to the occurrence of viral diseases and silver leaf disease. Therefore, the selection of varieties is very important. It is recommended to choose Shengrun Xiaqiu Wang, Shengrun Rekangwang, Shengrun 806, Shengrun Green Concubine, SQ210 from Ansa of Holland, etc. from Henan Shengrun Seed Industry. These varieties have early maturity, heat resistance, virus resistance and tolerance. Strong powdery mildew ability, the melon color is not easy to turn white under high temperature, the melon color is emerald green, the melon strips are long, the commercial property is good, the plant type is compact, and the yield is high. At the same time, it is still necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of virus diseases.
2. Cultivate strong seedlings of suitable age
Summer squash in autumn in Henan Province is generally cultivated or broadcast live around August 15 (in other areas, according to the temperature, it will be advanced or postponed accordingly). During the nursery period, the seedbed should be shaded and protected from rain, prevent aphids and whiteflies in advance, and reduce the chance of viral diseases. The suitable seedling age of autumn zucchini is 10-12 days, and the seedlings can be planted when 2-3 true leaves are unfolded. When the seedling age is too old, it is easy to damage the roots, which is not conducive to slowing down the seedlings and easily lead to the occurrence of virus diseases. For larger planting areas, the methods of 1, 2, 1, and 2 can also be used for direct seeding. When direct seeding, the seeds should be laid flat to prevent the seeds from being unearthed, and the distance between the grains should be about 3 cm to prepare for thinning and replenishing. Water in time after sowing to ensure the emergence of seedlings with sufficient moisture.
3. Soil preparation and fertilization
Select the plots of non-cucurbit crops before planting and prepare the ground about 1 week before planting. In order to obtain high yield of zucchini, 5,000 kilograms of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure and 30 kilograms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer must be used as base fertilizer per acre. Turn the rakes to make the surface soil and fertilizer fully mixed (the best furrow application). After leveling the plot, make ridges with a width of 40cm and a height of 15cm according to the row spacing of 80-100cm, and cover the black mulch to prevent weeds and reduce the temperature of the ground. Then water it, this water must be poured thoroughly. Before planting, spray seedlings with fungicides, insecticides, and foliar fertilizer to prevent seedling diseases and insect pests.
If conditions permit, sheds can be used to cultivate summer and autumn zucchini, and silver-gray shade nets can be installed for proper shading. Compared with those without shading nets, the indoor strong light is reduced by 30% to 40%, and the temperature in the shed is lowered by 4 to 5°C. It can also avoid aphids, whitefly, tobacco planthopper and other pests and prevent the occurrence of virus diseases. Anti-wind and hail effect. The so-called proper shading means not to use black shading nets to shade too much, but to choose silver-gray shading nets that have a shading rate of about 40% and can avoid aphids and whiteflies. For the installation position of the sunshade net, the large arch shed extending north-south should be installed at the top of the shed at a width of 4 to 5 meters in the east-west direction, and the rest of the east and west sides do not need to be installed. The solar greenhouse extending from north to south to east to west should start from the sky window on the top of the front slope and install it to the north of the front window.
As for the front window, install a 40-mesh anti-insect net. The application time of the sunshade net should be about 45 days from "summer solstice" to "liqiu", and the sunshade period should not be too long. Some vegetable farmers do not install shading nets but spray or pour mud on the outer surface of the shed film, which can also significantly reduce the light transmittance of the shed film, prevent burns and cool down.
Four, colonization
Be sure to choose a sunny afternoon when planting (see the weather forecast first when planting, choose 2-3 sunny days after planting), choose 2-3 true leaves with thick stalks, short internodes, short petioles, and leaves Strong green and plump, compact plant type, strong root system, plant spacing of 50cm, planting 1200-1300 plants per mu. The double-row cultivation adopts the triangular planting method to stagger the plants in the two rows, and improve the ventilation and light transmission ability to reduce the occurrence of diseases. When planting, be sure to use soil to bury the film around the seedlings to prevent heat from escaping from the film and burn the seedlings or even burn them to death.
5. Field management
From planting to before fruiting, control water, fertilizer, promote roots, grow seedlings, and prevent excessive growth. About 1 week after planting, according to the actual growth situation, you can water the slow seedling water once, and apply about 10kg compound fertilizer per mu with the water to promote slow seedling and growth, and lay a solid foundation for more fruit and big fruit. Be sure to water small water this time, and avoid excessive water to avoid excessive growth, which may cause flowers and fruits to fall. According to the seedling situation, if protruding occurs, spray 50% chlormequat 600 times liquid to prevent protruding. After watering and fertilization, the soil should be plowed and loosened in time to improve soil permeability. In summer and autumn, summer squash has high temperature in the early stage of growth, and the temperature difference between day and night is small. If it is allowed to grow naturally, the female flowers will open late and the melon size will be thin. In order to promote flower bud differentiation, early fruiting, and more fruiting, you can slow down the three leaves after the seedling. Spray 200ppm of ethephon solution (2kg per milliliter of 40% ethephon with water) in a timely manner.
In summer and autumn, the temperature is relatively high, and the small temperature difference between day and night is not conducive to insect transmission and pollination. At this time, artificial pollination or spraying zaguoling should be assisted. In October, the temperature is suitable, and the natural setting rate will increase. Use Zuoguoling with a concentration of 1500 times the water, that is, add 10ml Zugualing to 15 kg of clean water (red advertising color can be added to prevent repeated spraying), spray once every 7-10 days, third in zucchini Spray the leaves on the leaves before the female flowers open. The sprayer should use small holes to spray, and the air pressure should be sufficient for atomization. The nozzles move evenly over half a meter from the top of the plant. Only spray the front of the leaves, not the bottom of the leaves. It is strictly forbidden to spray the growth points and Young melon. Brushes, sponge balls, and rubber heads can also be dipped in liquid medicine to wipe the fetus to promote sitting. If it is found that the zucchini that has been sprayed on the leaves of Zuogualing will grow up when the zucchini has not bloomed, it means that the dosage should be reduced if the dosage is too large, and the interval between spraying should be increased.
After the plants enter the fruiting period, water and fertilizer management should be strengthened: when 2/3 of the root melons are sitting, water the melons, and apply 10 kg of urea per mu. If the melon seedlings are weak, water in advance to ensure plant growth and fruit swelling. The nutrition needed. In the future, according to the growth of the plants and weather conditions, watering will be performed every 5-7 days, and topdressing with water every 2 times means topdressing with water every other time. For top dressing, 500 kilograms of manure or 10-15 kilograms of urea or 15-20 kilograms of compound fertilizer are applied per mu each time.
If the plant is weak, the first young melon should be removed in time to avoid the phenomenon of seedling falling, which can promote the early market in the later stage and prolong the fruiting period to prevent premature aging and increase yield. After the plant grows up, it is necessary to cut off the senescent and yellow old leaves and diseased leaves at an appropriate time to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions. At the same time, remove chemical melons, deformed melons and diseased melons in time to prevent ineffective nutrient consumption and disease transmission.
In this period, due to the high temperature and rain, the pests and diseases are more serious, so we must do a good job of prevention and control. When you are not sick, take medicine to prevent viral diseases, powdery mildew, fungal diseases and bacterial diseases every 7-10 days; if it is sick, Fight every 5-7 days. For fungal and bacterial diseases, be sure to hit 3000 before and after rain or watering, and prevent and control agricultural streptomycin.
Six, harvest
The zucchini must be harvested in time, mainly tender melons, and must be harvested in time, especially the first melon, and harvested as early as possible according to market consumption habits to avoid the phenomenon of seedling falling. The first melon can be picked when it weighs about 0.25 kilograms. In the future, the melons should be harvested in time according to the market demand habits to prevent the melons from growing too large and falling, which will affect the later production.
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