Occurrence conditions and control methods of common diseases of tomato
There are often farmers who ask questions about how to control the pests and diseases of small tomato. Today, Huinong.com mainly talks about the diseases that occur during tomato planting. There are many kinds of tomato diseases, and comprehensive prevention and control measures must be taken.
1 tomato early blight
1.1 Symptoms
Leaves are primary water-stained brown spots, round or oval, with dark brown edges, central taupe, concentric pattern, fruit damage, mostly near the pedicle, forming round or oval dark brown lesions The lesion is sunken, has a concentric pattern, and has a black mold layer. The diseased fruit is easy to crack and turn red early.
1.2 Incidence conditions
High temperature and high humidity are beneficial to the disease. The temperature starts at 15 °C and the relative humidity of the air is above 80%. The temperature is between 20 and 25 °C, and the disease is aggravated during continuous rainy weather.
1.3 Prevention methods
1.3.1 Selection of resistant varieties
Such as powder 802, Qiyan short powder, American red, etc., and seed disinfection.
1.3.2 Strengthening field management
One is a rotation with a non-solanth crop. The second is to increase the application of base fertilizer, especially phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The third is reasonable close planting, pay attention to ventilation and dehumidification, timely branching, playing power and removing old and diseased leaves, removing diseased fruits and sick plants. Fourth, watering should be carried out on sunny days in the morning to avoid condensation on the leaves and prevent excessive humidity.
1.3.3 Chemical control
At the seedling stage, 50% phorhin WP 800 times or 70% mancozeb WP 400 times solution was sprayed once every 7-10 days.
2 tomato late blight
Also known as the disease, it is quite harmful to the cultivation of tomato in the open field.
2.1 Symptoms
The lesion was initially dark green water-stained lesions, gradually dark brown, dark brown, when wet, white mold layer on the edge of the disease. When the fruit is damaged, the fruit surface forms a oily dark green to brown lesion on the fruit surface, and the diseased part expands in an irregular cloud pattern. The diseased fruit is hard, and there is a small amount of white mold on the lesions when it is wet.
2.2 Incidence conditions
Low temperature and high humidity are conducive to disease occurrence. In the former, it is a Solanaceae crop, low-lying land, poor drainage, excessive watering, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, long plants, and serious disease.
2.3 Prevention methods
2.3.1 Selection of resistant varieties
Such as Zhongshu No. 4, Qiangfeng, Jiafen No. 10, etc.
2.3.2 Strengthening field management
The first is to rotate with non-solanaceae crops; the second is to choose tomato with high ground and convenient drainage; the third is to rationally close planting, control watering, reduce humidity, and timely hit the branches to improve the ventilation and light transmission of crop groups. condition,
2.3.3 Chemical control
75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution 800 times or 58% toxic manganese Zn WP 400~500 times solution, the above drugs should be used as alternately as possible.
3 tomato virus disease
3.1 Symptoms
Three symptoms of mosaic, fern leaf and streak
3.2 Incidence conditions
First, high temperature and drought are conducive to the occurrence of viral diseases; secondly, improper seedlings, planting, pruning, snoring, topping, and tying can cause virus infection; in addition, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, plant tissue growth is soft, soil is thin, and knotting Stickiness and poor drainage can aggravate the disease.
3.3 Prevention methods
3.3.1 Selection of resistant varieties
3.3.2 Seed disinfection: soak seeds in water for 3~4 hours before sowing, then soak them in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 40~50 minutes, rinse off and rinse with water and then germination; also use 0.1% potassium permanganate The solution was soaked for 30 minutes.
3.3.3 Implementation of the rotation: the implementation of more than two years of rotation, combined with deep turn to make the poisonous plant residues rot.
3.3.4 Early flood control: In high temperature and dry years, it is necessary to spray and cure the drug in time. It can be sprayed with 50% anti-Pu Wei WP 3000~3500 times.
4 tomato leaf mold
The disease develops rapidly and often causes serious damage in the short term, causing great losses.
4.1 Symptoms
The path of the leaves first appeared pale yellow chlorotic spots from the leaves, and the back of the leaves was stained with grayish white spots. The chlorotic part became round or irregular yellowish spots, and gradually became yellowish brown or brown. A mildew layer is formed on the lesion on the back of the leaf, and the lesion is contiguous when the disease is severe, and the leaves are dry and curled. Black hard lesions in the near-round hardening depression often occur in the fruit pedicle
4.2 Incidence conditions
High humidity is an important condition for the onset. The pathogen can be affected at 4~32 °C, and the most suitable is 20~23 °C. Relative humidity of 90% or more is suitable for disease prevalence.
4.3 Prevention
4.3.1 Selection of resistant varieties
Such as good powder 15 and so on.
4.3.2 Strengthening field management
Pay attention to drainage and reduce humidity.
4.3.3 Chemical control
In the early stage of the disease, 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 500 times solution, 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution and 1:1:200-250 times Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed. Spray once every 5~7 days for 3~4 times.
5 Tomato ulcer disease: It is harmful and the loss is serious.
5.1 Symptoms
In the early stage of the disease, the lower leaves are vertically rolled up and wilted, and then the leaves and the veins turn yellow and the whole leaves become brown and die, but do not fall off. When the stem is damaged, narrow strips appear, and the pith becomes brown. In severe cases, the vascular bundle rots, causing the plant to die. The fruit is damaged, often appearing in the wet when there are freckles-like white round spots, after turning brown, the central rough protrusions, surrounded by white halo
5.2 Incidence conditions
The suitable growth temperature is 25~29 °C, and the lethal temperature is 53 °C. The weather is warm and humid. The long time of leaf surface condensation is conducive to disease occurrence. After the pathogen invades the plant from the wound, it spreads through the branches, snoring or damaged roots. And can be spread from the seeds over long distances.
5.3 Prevention methods
5.3.1 Select disease-free seeds, disinfect the seeds before sowing, soak the seeds with 1.05% sodium hypochlorite solution for 20~40 minutes. Rinse the medicine with water after germination, or soak for 10 minutes with warm water at 55 °C.
5.3.2 Reasonable rotation: implementation of rotation for more than 3 years,
5.3.3 Strengthening quarantine: When seeds, seedlings and fruits are transported, strict quarantine should be carried out to prevent the spread of germs.
5.3.4 Chemical control: The diseased plants can be sprayed with 0.025% streptomycin solution or 0.02% neomycin-mycin solution once every 6~7 days, and sprayed continuously for 4~5 times.
The above is the whole content of tomato diseases. Xiao Bian reminds the farmers to pay great attention to tomato diseases. In the early stage of the disease, it is necessary to take timely prevention and control measures to reduce the occurrence of diseases and ensure the high yield of tomatoes.
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