First, the morphological characteristics Aphid mosquitoes, also known as small red dragonfly, mushroom, adult mosquitoes resemble small mosquitoes, tiny and delicate, the naked eye is difficult to see. The head, chest and back of the worm are dark brown, others are grayish brown or light orange. Larvae can be hatched by eggs and can also be reproduced by maternal larvae. Each female produces an average of more than 20 larvae. Early larvae damage in the material, causing mycelium scarcity, weak. Later transferred to hyphae and fruiting bodies. The fruiting body was killed, and it was first propagated at the base of the mushroom shank. Afterwards, the mushroom shank and the mushroom cover were crawled at the junction, and some of the pleated worms were eroded by the worm. More than one mushroom often gathers 20 to 30 larvae, which seriously affects the quality and yield of mushrooms.
Second, the reasons
1. Improper fermentation of culture materials Before the cultivation of the culture medium, the fermentation is not thorough, the internal and external piles are uneven, the fermentation time is too short, and the disinfection does not pass. Although most of the culture materials have undergone “secondary fermentation†treatment, there is a dead angle in the mushroom house during the temperature rise period, and the temperature rise is slow or the temperature rise cannot meet the requirements.
2. Mushroom microclimate uncomfortable culture materials into the mushroom room itself is too wet, in the transfer of water, if more water, causing the mushroom room humidity is too large.
3. Poorly cultivated environment Many mushroom farmers use old mushroom racks, which have not been completely disinfected after the first year of the mushroom harvest; water sources are not clean and are accompanied by bacteria and insects; adult mosquitoes tend to have strong phototaxis, and they easily fly into the vicinity of the mushroom house; poor ventilation and ventilation Use tools with pests and bacteria to transmit contamination.
Third, prevention and control measures
1. Site Selection and Mushroom Disinfection The mushroom production site must choose a site that is dry, near water, and clean. If mushroom beds are built in the house, in-room disinfection should be strengthened. With sulphur plus dichlorvos 1:1 fumigation, repeated steaming every 5 days. Such as the old mushroom frame bamboo, first immersed in water for several days, drain, the sun, into the mushroom room together fumigate. Or soaked with 2% solution of sodium pentachlorophenol, it has good effect.
2. Do a good job in environmental sanitation inside and outside the mushroom farm to remove waste, dirt, and corrupt materials in a timely manner. The bacteria culture site should be regularly sprayed with disinfectant insecticides such as dichlorvos. The installation of screen doors and screens in the mushroom room and the use of yellow fly fly tape can effectively block the entry of insects and control the entrance of adult insects into the mushroom field.
3. The culture material must use "secondary fermentation" In the pre-fermentation process, the material must be evenly distributed and the moisture content of the culture material should be controlled. In the post-fermentation, it is necessary to pay attention to the temperature and time of the temperature rise and temperature control phase so as to achieve the purpose of “secondary fermentationâ€. Before the start of fermentation, the used or ready-to-use tools are put into the house to be disinfected to prevent the contamination of pathogens and germs.
4. After bag inoculation, sealer should be sealed by double-layered newspaper with collar sealing method. During the process of handling, the sealing paper should be prevented from falling off, and care should be taken to avoid breaking the bag. If the bag is found to have a tear or thorn Holes should be immediately taped to prevent pests from spawning at the break.
5. Control mushroom house temperature and humidity mushroom production, early times often meet the temperature rise is high, in order to promptly open the door, window, mushroom house ground, space, water, and really good ventilation and mushroom house, adjust the mushroom growth suitable The temperature and humidity prevent the temperature in the room from rising and the humidity is high.
6. Chemical control When the culture material is turned over, spraying with 1:1000 times 90% trichlorfon or 50% malathione emulsion can effectively prevent the occurrence of pests. The bed can also be sprayed when the pest occurs. Or fumigation with formaldehyde, 1:1 mixture of dichlorvos at 10 ml/m3, or spray at 1:800 to 1000 times with 50% phoxim emulsion.
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