The new technology of paddy-straw-less straw-covered potato planting is that after rice is harvested, the paddy field is no-tillage, and it is ditched and planted directly. The planting potatoes are placed on the soil surface and covered with straw, with proper fertilization and management measures. Harvest fresh potatoes. It is a provincial, lightweight, high-yield and efficient potato cultivation technology.
First, the superiority of technology
1 is conducive to returning straw. This technology directly covers the large amount of rice straw left after rice harvest and covers the whole potato field. Under aerobic conditions, it forms a micro-environment where micro-organisms multiply. After a growing season of sun and rain, most straws have been cooked to varying degrees. It provides nutrients for the growth of potatoes, and the parts that have not completely rotted and the potato green plants are also more likely to be turned into the soil or composted, which is a good organic fertilizer for rice.
2. It is conducive to the production of green food. Rotation between paddy and dry land can reduce the pests and diseases of rice and potato crops; straw covered in a full range to inhibit the growth of weeds to a certain extent, 10 ~ 12cm thick layer of straw is conducive to regulating the soil surface temperature, so that the potato is not easy to get sick. Therefore, the straw-covered potato is a technology for producing safe foods from the site to the harvest without spraying chemical herbicides and pesticides.
3. The method is simple, easy and labor-saving. This technology has changed the traditional method of potato, changed "seed potatoes" to "pile the potato", and changed "digging potatoes" to "pick potatoes." The whole process was summarized as "putting a pendulum, covering a lid, picking and picking." , Provincial holidays, simple and easy. Moreover, the potato block has a smooth surface, fresh color, low breakage rate, good commercial property, and the yield can be compared with the conventional ones. It is a practical light cultivation technology.
4. It is conducive to the use of winter-free fields, reducing winter wasteland, and increasing farmers' income.
Second, the technical operating procedures
1. Preparation of straw plots for straw cultivation Potatoes should be selected for deep plowing, loose soil, well-drained and organic-rich neutral or slightly acidic rice fields. Rice piles after harvesting should not be too high or too low, preferably 15 to 20 cm. Before the planting, the ditch shall be ditched. The width shall be determined according to the length of the straw and the quality of drainage. Generally, it is 1.3~1.5m, the ditch width is 20~25cm, and the ditch depth is 15cm. The soil dug up during ditching should not be piled on the ditch. It should be thrown evenly in the middle of the ditch, and the surface of the clams should be formed into a bow-back shape to facilitate drainage. Appropriate weeding before sowing, but no herbicide.
2. Seed preparation
1 species selection. Generally, potato varieties with rapid potato tuber enlargement, early tuberculosis, short growth period, and disease resistance are selected. For example, Dongnong 303, Zhongshu No. 3, Kexin No. 4, Feiwuriei and others.
2 potato slices. The potato chips are cut before germination to save the potato species and break the dormancy. Less than 40g of whole potato seed germination, more than 40g of potato cuttings to germination, to ensure that each cut in the 30 ~ 40g or so, there are more than one robust bud, incision from the bud more than 1cm, after cutting with 50% more bacteria Soak WP 300 times for about 5 minutes and allow to dry.
3 potato germination. Germination can be done in a hotbed, in a greenhouse or covered with a thin film. During the germination, the temperature of 15-18°C is maintained, and the temperature is too high. The buds will be slender; it is not suitable to water more, the humidity is too high and easy to rot, and the sprouts are about 2cm long and can be sowed.
3. Sowing
1 sowing time. Spring potatoes should be planted from late January to early February, and autumn potatoes should be sown in late August.
2 sowing and density. When seeding, the seed potatoes lie flat on the surface of the pods, and the buds are directed downward (close to the ground) and pressed slightly to make the seed potatoes fully in contact with the soil. Generally 1m wide, broadcast 3 lines, width 1.4m, broadcast 5 lines. On both sides of each side, stay 20cm, broadcast 5000~5500 per acre.
4. Fertilization. Potatoes have a short growing period. Base fertilizer should be applied at one time and no fertilizer. Per acre Shi cooked glutinous fertilizer 1500 ~ 2000 kg, compost faeces 500 ~ 700 kg, Sanyuan granules compound fertilizer 50 ~ 55 kg as base fertilizer. Fertilizers can be applied to the seedlings and can also be applied to the seed potatoes. The compound fertilizer should be applied between the rows 5 cm away from the seed potatoes. The compound fertilizers should not be in direct contact with or excessively close to the seed potatoes so as to prevent them from being damaged. Lack of seedlings.
5. Cover grass. Immediately after the planting of the potato, it is covered with straw and evenly (about 3 acres of straw in 1 mu of potato field). The two-way cover is used in the direction perpendicular to the sorghum surface. About 1250 kg of straw is used per mu, leaving no gaps. The thickness is generally 10~12cm. Straw is too thick, not only the delay in the emergence of seedlings, but also thin and slender base; straw is too thin, easy to leak light and increase the rate of sweet potato. After the straw is covered, use the dirt in the ditch to press the straw a few points to prevent the straw from being smashed by the wind.
6. Moisture management. Straw-covered potatoes do not require top dressing or weeding and weed control, but they must be well managed. In general, natural precipitation can basically meet the requirements of this technology, but because the new straw absorbs less water, the absorption rate is slow, and it is easy to dry, so that the potato seedlings are subjected to drought. In particular, during the expansion of tubers, the aerial part of the tubers is energetically plentiful and the underground stems grow rapidly. At this time, the maximum amount of water is needed, and small water should be used to make the water flow into the bowl slowly, and the water should be drained and dried to keep the soil moist. Promote tuber swelling, but also conducive to the decay of straw.
7. timely harvest. It usually takes 60-70 days for the early maturing varieties to reach the harvest. When the stems and leaves are ripe, they can start harvesting. This method of cultivation of potatoes, 70% of the potato pieces in the soil below the straw above, when harvested, as long as the straw can be sorted potatoes. The tubers can be harvested at one time or they can be harvested in batches, that is, the rice straw can be picked up, and then the large potato pieces can be picked and then covered with grass so that the small potato pieces can continue to grow. This way, the best potato shape can be selected and listed in time. , And can get high output and increase economic efficiency.
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