With the rapid development of livestock and poultry husbandry, the number of specialized breeding households and large-scale breeding farms has increased year by year, and the problem of random discharge of livestock and poultry excrement has become more and more serious, seriously polluting the environment in rural areas.
I. Status of livestock and poultry manure emissions
1. Most of the livestock and poultry manure was purchased by the organic fertilizer factory to produce organic fertilizer, or used in fertilizer fields, or purchased and used by a flower and garden company.
2. Some scale farms have invested in the establishment of biogas digesters to handle livestock and poultry manure.
3. Small-scale pig farms and layer farms are basically in a random arrangement of waste disposal, and the amount of manure directly entering the river is considerable.
Second, cause livestock and poultry excrement disorder
1. The changes in the age of agricultural workers and the large use of chemical fertilizers have caused organic fertilizers to be neglected and their use has been significantly reduced.
2, due to market instability, coupled with animal husbandry is a meager industry, risk industry, farmers or aquaculture companies are unwilling or unable to bear pollution control costs. In order to save costs, some scale farmers did not build a septic tank when they built a bred house. The waste ditch and waste pond were used as septic tanks and were not cleaned up all year round. In the rainy season, livestock and poultry manure pollutes with the flow of rainwater. Some rural households only expand their houses and do not expand their storage tanks. The water pollution is not separated, resulting in a mismatch between the rearing amount and the capacity of the storage tank, and any overflow of the waste.
3. People generally lack understanding of the technology of pig breeding in ecological fermentation beds, and their promotion is insufficient.
III. Countermeasures against pollution of livestock and poultry excrement
Governments at all levels should strengthen their understanding, form a consensus, and put pollution control on livestock and poultry excrement into an important work schedule. Guide aquaculture enterprises and farmers to properly handle livestock and poultry excrement.
1. For the large-scale farms that have already built biogas digesters, they must urge the owners to use the biogas digesters scientifically and seriously to handle the excreta.
2. For small-scale farmers who have already caused pollution, they should mobilize the owners to expand the storage tanks and separate the rain and sewage.
3. For some free-range households, peasant households should be mobilized to convert livestock and poultry excrement into biogas, use biogas for cooking, and the remaining biogas can be converted into organic fertilizer, taking the road of resource recycling.
4, pay attention to and give full play to the role of organic fertilizer. Adopting a combination of agriculture and animal husbandry to lay out livestock and poultry farms that match the amount of livestock and poultry manure in and around a contiguous vegetable or high-standard grain field, vineyard, or flower and wood garden, such as with existing egg farms, Larger hooks on pig farms make manure an organic fertilizer needed for efficient agriculture.
5. Promote the ecological pig breeding technology in the fermentation bed. It is necessary to fully understand the ecological breeding technology of the fermentation bed and apply it on the basis of understanding to provide a living model for the change of culture mode. All grass-roots governments and village-level organizations should actively promote the awards to villages that have reached the standards of county-level pig-raising bed model villages. Livestock and animal husbandry technical departments should arrange specialized technical personnel, from the technical level of pig house design, material selection, area measurement and other technical aspects to the later stage of fermentation bed operation and maintenance, and implement the whole process of follow-up guidance.
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