High-quality pictures of citrus Huanglongbing and prevention measures

Insect raft

Victim "red shoulder fruit"

The technical staff of Anyuan County Fruit Industry Bureau of Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, guided the fruit farmers in the county's Shanchuantan Fruit Industry Base to identify the initial symptoms of Huanglongbing. Photo by Li Weimin

On May 10, 2014, in the citrus garden of Dali, Yunnan, the citrus leaves were sparsely colored and the color was light yellow, showing the initial symptoms of citrus Huanglongbing. 15 grams of Altai Ling, 15 kg of water, foliar spray.

On May 20, 2014, after 10 days of use of Altai, the citrus leaves returned to green, the leaves were flourishing, and the growth was significantly better than the control group. Li Yifeng, Planning Department, Beijing Zhongbao Green Farmer High-tech Co., Ltd.

Editor's note

Containing Huanglongbing

For a period of time, the number one killer of citrus production, Huanglongbing, has accelerated and spread in the southern citrus producing areas, which not only affects the safety of domestic citrus production, but also adversely affects the growth of orange farmers and export trade. On June 6, the Ministry of Agriculture held a national citrus Huanglong disease prevention and control site meeting in Guilin, Guangxi, and called on the agricultural departments at all levels to resolutely win the battle against the spread of citrus Huanglongbing.

To win this battle, it is necessary for all parties to jointly tackle the problem and work together to cope with it. Among them, the plant protection research department and the pesticide production enterprise have great responsibility. Today, the editorial department of this newspaper's agricultural materials weekly specializes in the prevention and treatment of Huanglong disease proposed by famous domestic pesticide companies for reference in the affected areas. We call on more pesticide companies to pay close attention to and actively participate in the prevention and treatment of Huanglong disease, accelerate the research and development of high-efficiency, ecological and environmentally-friendly control agents and teach farmers to use them properly, and completely curb the spread of citrus Huanglongbing.

Let us join hands to stop the citrus Huanglong disease from raging.

Knopp believes in prevention

It is easier to promote the prevention of spring, summer and autumn shoots.

What is the pathogen of citrus Huanglongbing Huanglongbing is the genus Bacillus licheniformis, which is a difficult to cultivate bacteria. The pathogen of Huanglongbing has not been isolated and cultured so far, but it can proliferate in insect rafts. The pathogen mainly destroys the transport organization of the plant, causing the nutrient transport to be blocked, leading to symptoms such as yellowing and yellow nose.

The long-distance transmission route of Huanglongbing is mainly through grafting and seedling propagation (between villages and villages, between towns and towns), and the short-distance transmission is mainly spread by insect rafts (plants and strains, orchards and orchards with a disease source of about 10 kilometers). The key period of Huanglongbing transmission is mainly the tender period and the mature stage, that is, the three stages of spring shoot, summer shoot and autumn shoot are the key period for the transmission of Huanglongbing by citrus hibiscus.

The first solution is to prevent and treat Huanglong disease by “prevention first, comprehensive prevention”. Governments at all levels have established designated dealerships for non-toxic citrus seedlings, which fundamentally relieve the source of Huanglong disease and spread it over long distances. The second is to block the spread of Huanglong disease, which is a simple and effective way to protect disease-free fruit areas.

In the winter, the Qinglong Garden excavated the Huanglongbing tree, disinfected the soil and diseased trees with tetracycline antibiotics and penicillin, and sprayed the whole garden with 5000 times of high liquid. The cost is about 1.5 yuan / tree.

In the spring shoot prevention, when the spring shoots are just sprouting, the whole garden is sprayed with 3000 times of Dagong cattle to prevent citrus hibiscus. After 10 to 15 days, the spray is performed with a high 5,000 times. (If there is a dropper facility, use the gongluo cow 5000 times to use the rooting method directly). The cost is about 1.2 yuan / tree.

The results of the summer shoot control were sprayed at 8000 times the height of the summer when the summer shoots were 2 to 3 cm long. After that, look at the growth of the summer shoots to determine whether to spray the second time; if it is a minor tree, follow the prevention and control methods in the spring shoot period. The cost is about 0.5~1.2 yuan/tree.

The prevention and control of autumn shoots is in the epidemic area of ​​Huanglong disease, and the autumn shoot period is the high incidence period of Huanglong disease. In the first half of the year, the infected plants were mostly affected by the incubation period. Therefore, from the autumn shoot to the fruit picking period, the incidence rate of the diseased plants in the field was the highest in a year. When the autumn tip is 2~3cm, it will be sprayed with 5000 times of high force, and 5~7 days with 5000 times of Dagong cattle. The third time I saw the occurrence of insects, I sprayed it. The cost is about 1.5~2 yuan/tree.

Analysis of the results At present, Knoppson mainly promotes high-intensity control of citrus psyllids in Jiulong Town, Yingde City, Guangdong Province, and the effect of contact is particularly obvious. It mainly targets areas where Huanglong disease and citrus hibiscus occur more, and is well evaluated in the Yingde area. Dagong Niu is introduced on the prevention of citrus psyllids based on the “prevention-based, comprehensive prevention” plant protection policy. It has a long-lasting effect on hibiscus, generally 5 to 7 days, and Dagong cattle in 10 to 15 days. Above, at the same time it has a very good preventive effect, can effectively prevent citrus hibiscus, is a very good hibiscus preventive agent, mainly used in orchards with a relatively small number of insects. Both Gao Meng and Dagong Niu have very high cost performance. For citrus with a age of more than 5 years, the cost is about 0.4~0.6 yuan/tree/time. Deng Yu, Manager of Fruit Tree, Marketing Department, Shenzhen Nuopuxin Agrochemical Co., Ltd.

Heilier comprehensive prevention and control

Involved in the transmission of drug control, seedling breeding, disease planting and other links

Huanglong disease can occur all year round, and symptoms can occur in spring, summer and autumn shoots. The typical symptoms are as follows.

The yellow-tip type Huanglong disease has a uniform yellowing in the branches of the branches or tops of the tree in the periphery of the diseased tree. It occurs in the first-onset tree and the summer and autumn shoots. The leaves are evenly yellowish green and extremely easy. Fall off.

The new leaves of the macular-type Huanglong disease turn green from the base of the leaves, near the veins or at the edges, and gradually expand into yellow-green uneven patches, which occur in spring, summer and autumn shoots. .

The deficiency type of Huanglongbing has many flowers, few results and small and deformed, and the diseased leaves are small. The main lateral veins of the leaves are green, while the interlobular mesophyll is yellowish or yellow, similar to the lack of trace elements such as zinc, manganese and iron.

The adult trees that are put into production are often in the whole citrus orchard, and the new shoots of some or some of the branches of the plant are yellowed. The farmers call it "chicken head yellow" or "plug gold flower". In the following year, the yellowing branches expanded to the whole plant, causing the tree to decline. The fruit is small or deformed, the coloration is uneven, the oranges often show "red shoulders", and the oranges show the green and dull "green fruit" of the peel.

Prevention and control methods The prevention and control of citrus Huanglong disease involves multiple links such as drug control media control, healthy seedling breeding, and diseased plant cutting. It must be comprehensively controlled and controlled by systematic methods.

First, strict quarantine system, strengthen quarantine supervision, and eliminate diseased seedlings, diseased ear into disease-free areas and new planting areas.

The second is to cultivate disease-free seedlings and control the occurrence and spread of Huanglong disease from the source. 1 Detoxification (stem tip grafting detoxification or thermal detoxification) of excellent single plants and identification without bacteria. 2 Establish germplasm in the net room. 3 Establish a disease-free mother garden in an isolated place or in a net room. 4 Establish a disease-free nursery in an isolated place or in a net room.

The third is to control citrus hibiscus and eliminate the media. 1 Do a good job in the winter clearing. Killing the wintering raft is the key to prevention throughout the year. 2 Strengthen the cultivation and management, and every time the new shoots are pumped neatly, the spray control will be unified. In the germination period, the first pesticide should be sprayed to prevent the adults from laying eggs at the buds. Optional warfare (20% cyanide marathon EC), crown (7.5% biphenyl nitenpyram SL), blue pyridin (10% imidacloprid dom), puncture (30% imidacloprid ME) ), foreign products (40% malathion EC) and other products to control citrus hibiscus. 3 Adjust the structure of fruit trees, and do not plant ruthenium plants such as yellow skin and Jiuli in the citrus production area to prevent the transfer of citrus hibiscus.

The fourth is prevention and prevention. The citrus fruit tree can be used with 10 kg/mu of golden shield to promote root growth and robust trees. Strengthen water and fertilizer management in the field and balance fertilization to prevent deficiency. Early excavation of the diseased tree, insisting on a thorough inspection of the Huanglong disease plant after each new shoot turned green, and found that one strain was excavated, leaving no stubs.

The fifth is the reconstruction of the citrus garden in the ward. 1 The whole piece should be excavated for disease and old trees, and the environment should be cleaned. The citrus should be planted after planting a short-term crop for a year. 2 using isolation planting.

The sixth is to develop citrus production by means of industrialized operation, to achieve unified planning of development scale, unified varieties within the park, uniform measures in production, unified guidance in technology, and unified procedures in management. Can effectively control the incidence rate. Xue Aiqing, Marketing Department, Heilier Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.

Zhongbao Green Farmer enhances immunity

Exciting plant autoimmunity with antiviral protein pesticides

Citrus Huanglongbing is a worldwide citrus disease, mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hainan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangxi and other provinces. The disease is extremely harmful to citrus production and is known as citrus "cancer."

Improve the level of citrus autoimmunity and reduce the risk of infection by pathogens. The autoimmune ability of plants to cope with pathogens and hibiscus is critical for the occurrence or severity of huanglongbing. After decades of efforts, the research team led by researcher Qiu Dewen, the chief scientist of China's protein biopesticide, the Institute of Plant Protection of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, developed the world's first antiviral protein pesticide, Altai Ling (6% oligosaccharide chain protein), through The plant's own immunity, release salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, nitric oxide, etc., in order to resist the invasion and development of the bacteria.

Scientific control of citrus psyllids, effectively blocking the large-scale spread of citrus Huanglongbing (RLO) pathogens, first grasp the key period of prevention and control, in addition to the winter clearing garden to eliminate wintering hibiscus, the bud period is the first key prevention period, and the most important Once, the early summer and autumn shoots are two key prevention and treatment periods. The citrus hibiscus is highly transmitted, and the borne rate of single-headed hibiscus is about 80%. It is rapidly transported and bacteria-borne for life. The citrus psyllid has certain migratory properties and can be rapidly propagated. Therefore, it is very difficult to control and requires the use of pharmaceuticals. The anti-efficiency rate of the last 24 hours is over 95%. The multi-molecular target technology of the Institute of Plant Protection of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences provides precise guidance, which can solve the problem of prevention, quick-acting and long-lasting period of overlapping pests, and block the large-scale reproduction and spread of citrus hibiscus. . Ataying effectively controlled the effect of citrus Huanglongbing in Dali, Yunnan, and was recognized by local fruit farmers.

Tianren Ecology continues to track

Screened from more than 4,600 strains

More than 10 plants implemented biological comprehensive prevention and control

Since 2010, Tianren Ecology has been tracking the prevention and control of Huanglongbing, and has developed a comprehensive biological prevention and control program to control citrus Huanglongbing and treat other pests and diseases of citrus. At the same time, reduce the chemical pesticides through the use of compound microbial agents. The amount of use to reduce the non-point source pollution of pesticides and protect the Dongjiang water source. More than 10 strains of patented strains such as B. sphaeroides, P. sphaeroides, and Bacillus licheniformis were screened from more than 4,600 strains of strains, which were used for citrus pests and diseases mainly caused by Huanglongbing. Prevention and control have achieved certain results.

Prevention and control measures The transmission route of Huanglongbing is the grafting of diseased seedlings and the spread of citrus hibiscus. Due to the rapid development of citrus industry in the early years, large areas are planted in pieces, and some orchards graft themselves with seedlings, and generally only beetles and stalks Moth, red spider, rust tick, ulcer disease, anthracnose, and scab are the key targets, but for hibiscus, because its own harm is not obvious, especially in places where there is no Huanglong disease, it is often overlooked. The prevention and control of hibiscus caused the loss of control of Huanglong disease.

As early as 2005, China's fruit workers summarized the effective prevention and control of the spread of Huanglong disease, namely, through strengthening management, quarantine of seedlings, establishment of disease-free nursery, cultivation of disease-free seedlings; prevention of citrus hibiscus; excavation of diseased plants , ward renovation. Since the continuous reporting of Huanglong disease in 2013, the governments at all levels in the epidemic area have attached great importance to it. The citrus industry counties have also set up a comprehensive citrus Huanglong disease prevention and control work headquarters. The heads of the township party committees have overall responsibility and are responsible for the specific implementation. The work implements the responsibility system for the contract, so that “the village does not leak the group, the group does not leak the household, the household does not leak the garden, and the park does not leak the plant”. At the same time, with the training of masters, experts from various industries invite experts to transfer technical backbones, and go to townships and towns to carry out training for village-level fruit tree technicians. On-site guidance on the identification and prevention and control of citrus Huanglong disease, fully mobilize fruit farmers to participate in citrus. The enthusiasm of prevention and control of Huanglong disease. At present, the spread of Huanglong disease has been controlled throughout the country.

The bottleneck problem The slow management of the fruit farmers has done a lot of work on the promotion of citrus Huanglongbing, but some of the fruit farmers’ consciousness has not changed in time. There are still some fruit farmers who only cut off the diseased branches and do not clean up the whole plant; Carry out comprehensive prevention and control of the Qingyuan. There are even a few fruit farmers who see the whole orchard getting sick, and instead give up the orchard completely, and let the citrus Huanglong disease develop.

No special effects drug can only cut off the transmission medium by controlling citrus hibiscus. There is no control agent for Huanglong disease itself. As long as the diseased tree and virus-free seedlings are not eliminated, the control of hibiscus is ignored, and the controlled Huanglong disease will come back. .

Pesticide residue problem is a serious prevention and control of hibiscus agents such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, avermectin, carbaryl salt, pyrethroid, chlorpyrifos, butyl thiocarbamate and other chemical pesticides. In severe cases, even omethoate, some varieties The fruit harvesting period overlaps with the key period of spraying control, and there is a problem of excessive pesticide residues.

The environmental non-point source pollution is serious and the chemical pesticides are frequently used, which is easy to produce drug resistance. To ensure the control effect, the dosage is increased, the vicious circle is increased, and the environmental protection pressure is increased. Chen Xiaoyan, deputy general manager of Jiangxi Tianren Ecological Co., Ltd.

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