Fertilization Techniques for Main Vegetables in Protected Fields

The common features of fertilizer requirements

1. The nutrient requirement The large amount of vegetables has high biological yield. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer required per hectare is greater than that of food crops. For example, the average amount of nitrogen absorbed by vegetables is 4.4 times higher than that of wheat, 0.2 times higher than phosphorus, and 1.9 times higher than potassium. Calcium intake is 4.3 times higher and magnesium intake is 0.5 times higher.

2. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in stems and leaves of vegetables and vegetables with multiple nutrients taken away were 6.52, 7.08 and 2.32 times that of rice and wheat, respectively. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in seed or edible organs were 2.04 for rice and wheat, respectively. Times, 1.49 times and 6.91 times. So vegetables harvested products take more nutrients out of the soil.

3, there are special needs for certain nutrients (1) vegetables like nitric acid nitrogen; (2) the demand for potassium, calcium; (3) vegetables are more sensitive to boron and molybdenum.

Protected soil characteristics

1. Soil nutrient status in protected areas

According to the survey results of soil nutrients in 0-20 cm soil layers and corresponding shed soil in some greenhouses in Jinan, Tai'an, Jining, Linyi, Rizhao, Heze, Zibo, and Weifang cities, the average organic matter content in the shed is 17.0 g/kg. Average 12.5 g/kg outside the greenhouse; 126.15 mg/kg in the alkali nitrogen shed and 60.11 mg/kg outside the greenhouse; 196.68 mg/kg in the available phosphorus shed; 68.45 mg/kg in the shed; average 381.41 in the potash shed. Mg/kg, 180.44 mg/kg outside the shed. The results of the survey showed that the soil nutrients in the shed were significantly higher than those outside the shed. The order was phosphorus> nitrogen> potassium> organic matter. Due to different planting years and fertilization levels and partial fertilization materials, the status of soil fertility in protected areas varies greatly, and the nutrients are not balanced, which needs to be resolved through balanced fertilization.

2. Salt and acidity accumulation in protected land

In the shed, samples with 0.sup.2 cm to 0.2.sup.cm of soil salt accounted for 26.09% of the samples with a salt content of more than 0.3%, 3.78 times that of the shed, and the maximum value of 1.2% with an average value of 0.27%. The salinization phenomenon was already evident. Among the salt separators, no3- and k+ ions were accumulated in the soil in the shed compared with the shed. Ca2-, mg2-, cl-, and so42- have also accumulated in the soil. The accumulation of salt in the greenhouse is heavy, which is directly related to the irrational fertilization. Soil acidity test results, ph value of 0 to 20 cm than the shed outside the soil decreased by 0.46, there are more obvious acidification.

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