Ferment bed pig housing design

Ferment bed pig housing design

In the pig-breeding technology of the fermentation bed, the original focus on the feeding and management of pigs is transferred to the fine regulation of the microbial flora in the fermentation bed. Only by creating a good ecological environment suitable for the microbial flora can the microbial flora be brought into full play. The role of rapid decomposition of feces, so as to reduce environmental pollution, improve the environment of the barn, save manpower and material resources, to achieve the purpose of feeding high quality pigs, healthy pigs.
The microecological environment of the fermentation bed refers to the environmental factors of the microbial flora. Because the microbial flora in the fermentation bed requires a specific temperature and humidity environment, under normal circumstances, the moisture content of the organic litter in the fermentation bed is required to be maintained at 55% to 65% all year round. The bacteria species produce a large amount of heat when decomposing organic matter in the stool. Although this is the best environment for the growth and development of microorganisms, such a high-temperature, high-humidity environment is detrimental to the growth and development of pigs, and the key to solving this conflict is only to strengthen the ventilation and timely eliminate the dampness in the air in pig houses. Gas, reducing the humidity of the pigs, and creating a good environment for the pigs. Therefore, the ventilation design of the pig house is the key link in the pig breeding technology.
The pig bed structure of the fermentation bed consists of three parts: the fermentation bed, the external protection structure, and the internal facilities of the pig house.

First, the fermentation bed
1. The position of the leaven bed is divided according to the position of litter, and the fermentation bed can be divided into three types: ground floor type, underground type and semi-underground type.
The litter layer of the aboveground fermentation bed is located above ground level and is suitable for areas with high groundwater levels in southern China. The advantage is that the barn is higher than the ground, rain is not easily spilled on the litter, and surface water does not easily flow into the litter, so the ventilation effect is good. The disadvantage is that because the bed surface is higher than the ground, the aisle has a certain gradient and it is inconvenient to transport the feed. The floor mat of the underground fermentation bed is located below the ground level, and the bed surface is level with the ground. It is suitable for areas with low groundwater levels in northern China. The advantage is that the height of the pig house is relatively low, the construction cost is relatively low, the distance between each pig house is relatively small, and the land utilization rate of the farm is relatively high. Because the bed surface is level with the ground, it is convenient for the pigs to transfer to the group and to feed the feed. Because the fermentation tank is located underground, it is conducive to the winter warmth of the fermentation bed. The disadvantage is the large amount of earthwork.
The semi-submerged fermentation bed is suitable for most areas with a moderate groundwater level. This method can use the soil taken out of the underground as the pighouse hallway, aisle, platform, etc. to fill up the above-ground parts of the soil, thus reducing the earth Labor reduces manufacturing costs. At the same time, due to the improvement of the fermentation bed surface, the bottom of the ventilation window is also increased, thus avoiding the possibility of summer rain splashing into the fermentation bed, and at the same time reducing the slope of the aisle into the pig house to facilitate the transportation of feed.
2. The depth of the deep fermentation tank in the fermentation tank determines the amount of organic litter, which is related to the pig's fecal production and stocking density, and varies according to the feeding stage of the pig. In general, the depth of the nursery fermentation tank is about 60-80 cm, and the depth of the mid-large pig fermentation tank is about 80-100 cm. The bricks were built around the inside of the fermentation tank, and the brick wall was cemented. The bottom of the fermentation tank was a natural land surface.

Second, the pig house exterior protection structure
1. The height and width of the pig house due to the special nature of the pig-breeding technology in the fermentation bed requires a certain span and a certain lifting height in order to create a larger space environment and facilitate the exchange of gas in the pig house. Avoid the adverse effects of wet conditions on pigs.
The span of a pig house is generally not less than 8 m and is usually designed to be 9-12 m. The height of the lift in the pig house is not less than 2.5 m above the surface of the fermentation tank. The length of the pig house is adapted to the local conditions. In general, the building area of ​​the pig house is not less than 200 m.
2. The roof of the roof barn uses a half belfry roof design, which is a row of vertical ventilation windows at the top of the pig house. Due to the sunlight and the temperature of the fermentation bed, the air inside the pig house is heated to expand, the specific gravity becomes smaller and rises, and it flows out from the vertical ventilation window on the roof. The vents on the north and south sides of the pighouse are blown into the cool wind on the lower north and south sides. shift. In this way, a good air convection phenomenon is created and the air in the house can be exchanged effectively. Good ventilation keeps the moisture in the fermentation bed from evaporating, while the bottom of the coil is kept loose and soft. The updraft of the fermentation bed removed moisture from the surface of the pig bed, which reduced the humidity of the bed in contact with the pig and created a suitable living environment for the pig. In winter, although the low temperature and cold wind outside the house can't open the ventilation window at the bottom of the north wall, due to the design of the roof ventilation vertical window and the effective regulation of the humidity and bacterial species activity of the fermentation bed, it can effectively reduce The humidity in the house and the removal of dirty gas, if necessary, can open the ventilation window in the middle of the north wall to ensure ventilation and ventilation quality.
Due to the cold winter in the northern areas, materials with low thermal conductivity should be selected for roof materials. At present, 10 cm thick polystyrene color steel plate is generally preferred.
Regardless of which roof design is used, a certain number of vents must be designed and installed at the top of the roof in order to achieve effective ventilation and dehumidification. If there are no vents or the area of ​​the vents is too small, in summer, although the sweeping winds formed by windows in the north and south can also achieve effective exchange of air in the houses, if there is hot and windless weather, especially in the winter, The temperature is too low and the air flow is too large. The ventilation window on the north side cannot be opened. The ventilation on the south window is not effective. If the opening time is too long, the temperature in the house will drop sharply and the cold air will blow directly on the surface of the pig, which is not conducive to the health of the pig. If the opening time is too short, the moist air will stay in the pig house and the air in the house will not be exchanged effectively. It is bound to cause excessive humidity and seriously affect the growth and development of pigs.
The barn should have sufficient sunlight. Due to the sunlight, the temperature inside the house is increased, and the proportion of the air becomes smaller and rises after being heated, and the air is discharged from the top vertical ventilation window, which is favorable for the ventilation of the pig house. In winter, the sun can reach the sun due to the small height angle of the sun. Most of the pig beds are good for keeping pigs warm. A certain amount of light is also conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.
Therefore, the semi-bell-bell roof design can be changed to a plastic greenhouse design. The roof and south wall of the south side will be changed to plastic greenhouses. The drip-free plastic film and cold-proof curtains can be adjusted according to the environment at any time according to the temperature, light and ventilation. The space inside the pig house is open, with sufficient lighting and good ventilation. However, in the hot summer months, due to the strong sunlight, the south part of the non-drip plastic film should be shaded. Pighouses in plastic sheds should be designed with a pattern of seven points of yin and yang.
3. Walls and windows In the northern region, the south and north sides of the pig house and the east-west gable wall should be 24 to 37 cm thick.
The northern wall is designed as a low-rise and mid-open two-story ventilation window. The height of the lower opening ventilation window is the same as the height of the trough. The height of the trough is the same as the height of the trough. There are two columns, each of which is a low and wide rectangle. The open windows are one for each column and they are narrow and tall rectangles. This product-shaped north window design can better solve the problem of ventilation and heat preservation in piggery in northern China. The lower windows below show good ventilation during the summer and close during the winter to facilitate insulation. If necessary, open the windows in the middle for ventilation during the winter, in order to avoid the influx of cold air.
The windows on the south side of the pig house are designed as large windows for ventilation and lighting. The window squat is about 2O cm above the surface of the fermentation tank in order to exert good ventilation. As much as possible, the upper eyelid enhances the angle of light transmission and facilitates lighting.
If the south side is designed as a plastic greenhouse and the lower plastic film is rolled up, the effect of ventilation and ventilation will be better. The plastic greenhouse mode is more conducive to the lighting of piggery and is suitable for the construction of pig houses in northern China.

Third, the internal facilities of the piggery
1. The pigshed can be designed as a single-cut pig. The width of each pig stall is about 4 m. After the aisles with a width of about 2 m are removed on both sides of the north and south, the fences are about 6-8 m long from north to south, and the area of ​​each pen is about 24-32 m. 20 heads. The height of the pig bar is about 80 cm. The south-to-north partitions in the middle of the fermentation tank should be drilled to a depth below the bed to prevent pig arches from passing through and cause mixing.
This kind of single-row pigsty design fully takes into account the characteristics of the pigs in the fermentation bed, starting from the concept of welfare pig raising, designing a certain exercise space for pigs, allowing the pigs to play, play, and lie down while exercising freely. , physical intake, drinking water, excretion and other physiological needs.
2. The trough and the drinking device divide the trough and the trough on the south and the north ends of the pen, separate the feed from the drinking water, and use the environmental design to create a continuous flow between the trough and the drinker during the feeding and drinking of the pig. Environmental conditions, strengthening the movement of pigs, and reducing the deposition of fat not only improve the health of pigs and the quality of pork, but also allow pigs to step into the fermentation bed during continuous exercise, which is conducive to the full fermentation of pig manure.
The north side of the pigshed is built with food troughs along the railing to feed the pigs, ensuring that each pig has a certain trough length. The railing is built on the outside of the trough to the outside, so that a small part of the trough is convenient for feeding on the outside of the pigsty. Most of the troughs are built on the inside of the pig bar for easy feeding. The height of the lower horizontal bar is based on the convenience of feeding and the feed intake of pigs. In the southern side of the pig bar two columns joint automatic drinking fountains installed. Each column consists of 2 sets, 30 to 40 cm above the bed surface. There are set sinks to draw the water out and into the east-west ditches. The ditches should have a certain slope and flow from the east to the west to the middle of the barn. There is a drainage pipe leading to the outside of the pig house so that the water drains out to the seepage well outside the house.
Strictly prevent the leakage of water from the pig when drinking water into the fermentation tank, causing the fermentation tank to rot, resulting in failure of the fermentation.
3. The aisle of the aisle and the hard bedside barn is designed to have a long aisle. The width is about 1-2m. There is a hard concrete bed of 1-2m between the inner side of the aisle and the fermentation tank. This will create a pig for the summer hot season. Lying on a cooling environment. Leave a 0.5m aisle between the south side of the fermentation tank and the south wall or plastic greenhouse to facilitate the design of the drainage ditch, and at the same time, avoid the direct flow of summer rain from the window or the rolled vent to the fermentation bed.

In short, the design and construction of pig-raising pig houses on the fermentation bed should be closely linked to the characteristics of biological pig-raising in the fermentation bed. Starting from the biological characteristics and physiological habits of pigs, the environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, ventilation, light, and density should be positive. To create environmental conditions that meet the pig's growth and development needs, but also enhance the health and resistance of pigs, and achieve the goal of raising pigs for efficiency.

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