The brooding period of pheasants is the period from hatching to de-warming of young pheasants, which is generally 1 to 30 days old, and some areas can be up to 42 days old. The brooding period is the most critical link in the process of raising pheasants. The mortality rate of chicklings was the highest during one week of age. Many chicks hatched from many inferior eggs died during this period. The chicks are very timid. It is particularly sensitive to small changes in the external environment. Any stimulation will cause the chicks to panic and flee, leading to death. Therefore, broiler chickens should be kept in a particularly quiet environment. Follow the procedures and do not change them or change them often. If the environmental conditions are poor (such as various sounds, darkness, strong light, various colors, etc.), the chicks shall be transported to the chicks within 30 hours of hatching, and the conditioned reflexes for such stimulation shall be established. In this case, you will run away without fear. Brooding can be divided into two kinds, one is a three-dimensional brooding (cage brooding); the other is a flat brood (ground mat brooding, online flat brooding). One cage-type brooding and online flat brooding hygiene, easy to prevent the epidemic. Ground level raising grass brooding is susceptible to gastrointestinal diseases and coccidiosis. The pre-brooding premises, feeding utensils and other preparations are the same as those for domestic chickens, but there are some special requirements. Broiler chicken brooding is more difficult and demanding than chickens, and chickens that have just emerged from shells are delicate and delicate. They must provide a good living environment and nutrition that perfectly meets the growth of pheasants.
1. Strict heat preservation temperature is an important condition for broiler brooding, and proper and constant temperature must be controlled. If the temperature is too high or low, the change is too large, the pheasant is prone to catch cold, suffers from digestive tract diseases, etc., which affects the growth and development, and can cause serious death. The brooding temperature decreases with the age of young chickens. The time of defrosting should be considered as the brooding season, weather changes, temperature control methods, and the chick pheasant body condition. The temperature can be defrosted after 20 days of age and the temperature at night can be taken into account. The way to achieve the best brooding effect.
2. Humidity brooding environment humidity is also very important, suitable brooding humidity in Table 2-7. Humidity in brooding is too high. It is difficult for pheasants to evaporate and radiate heat. Loss of appetite makes them vulnerable to diseases such as fleas, coccidia, and cholera. When the humidity is too low, the water in the body of the quail chicks evaporates too quickly. The yolk is poorly absorbed, the feather growth is blocked, the hair is dry and the armpit hair and scrofula appear.
3. The density of broiler chickens directly affects the growth and development of chicks. With high density, the growth rate of young pheasants is slow and prone to paralysis. Therefore, the density of chicks should be adjusted on time. 50 young pheasants were kept at 1 week old per square meter, and 40 per square meter at 2 weeks old. From 3 weeks of age, the stocking density per square meter area decreased by 5 per week, and by the age of 7 weeks it was 15 animals.
4. The illumination of the young chicks is basically the same as the chicken illumination system, but the chickens are timid, sensitive, and frightened. In the control of the light switch, a dimming and gradual switching regulator should be used to avoid causing fear of stimulation of the chicks. Unexpected loss.
5. When the chickens are cut off in time, they are prone to fighting each other. By the age of 2 weeks, there is a tick, and they should be cut off. At the age of 14-16 days, the first break was performed, and the second break was performed at the age of 7-8 weeks. Since the growth of the clams was very rapid, the breakage should be arranged in time according to the production conditions. Prepare 2 days before weaning. In order to prevent the stress of pheasants, we should add multidimensional, electrolyte, and vitamin K3 in drinking water for 3 days. At the same time, the feed in the feed trough should be full.
6. The first time the young pheasant comes out from the hatcher, 24-36 hours after the hatcher, the first drinking should be done, and the chicks should be given 35°C warm boiled water to prevent white puffer and colibacillosis and add 0.01% norfloxacin to the water. Or ciprofloxacin has a good preventive effect, while adding multidimensional electrolytes or glucose in water.
7. After eating 2-3 hours after the chicks have been simmered, the feed water is adjusted to dryness and wetness, and evenly sprinkled on the open food plate or pad to induce the chicks to feed. The amount of feed is controlled within a half hour after the end of the feeding, less to add ground to prevent feed corruption. After 1 week, 1%-2% grits are mixed in the feed to help digestion and management of the pheasant during the breeding period. After the chicken is de-warmed to the stage before sexual maturity, it is the breeding period of the pheasant, which is the pheasant during this period. In the periods with the longest growth of long muscles, long bones, and body weight, the average daily weight gain per bird is 10-15 grams. By 3 months of age, the male pheasant can reach 73% of the adult body weight. The female pheasant can achieve 75% of adult pheasants. Therefore, the rearing and management during the rearing period is closely related to the market specifications of the commercial pheasants and the quality of the pheasants. Therefore, we should also attach great importance to the rearing and management of the breeding period.
1. Feeding methods
(1) The three-dimensional cage culture method uses large quantities of pheasant for the purpose of commercial meat raising, and adopts a three-dimensional cage culture method during the breeding period to obtain better results. During this period, the rearing density of the pheasant should be reduced as the age of the chicken increases. In combination with the de-warming and evacuation density, the rearing density should be about 20 per square meter, and the evacuation should be performed every 2 weeks thereafter. Reduce the light intensity to prevent squatting.
(2) Net house rearing method The net house rearing method can provide a larger space for the use of a back-up pheasant as a kind of species, so that the reproductive performance of the species can be improved. After the chicks have been defrosted, when they are transferred to a net house, they should be cut off every 2 of the main wings of the pheasant to prevent sudden changes in the environment. . In the net house, sand should be set in the net room or on the sports ground for the pheasants to freely eat and carry out sand baths.
(3) The free-range law can take full advantage of resource conditions such as wild slopes, woodlands, hills and pastures according to the wild colony habits of pheasants, establish net circles, free-range the pheasants, and be frightened by the pheasants. After the pheasant is out of the shell, the wing is broken and the last joint of the wings on both sides of the young pheasant is cut off with a cutting device. When the ambient temperature is not lower than 17-18°C, the chicks can be stocked after they are defrosted. Stocking densities are 1-3 per square meter. In this breeding method, pheasants basically live in the natural environment. They have fresh air, good sanitary conditions, and a wide range of activities. They include natural weeds, plants, and insects. They also have sufficient artificial feed and drinking water. The rapid growth of the chicken during the breeding period. At the same time, pheasants grown under such conditions have game characteristics and are very popular with consumers.
2. Feeding management
(1) Breeding pheasants of 5 to 10 weeks old is fed more than 4 times a day, 11-18 weeks old, fed 3 times a day. Feeding time should be as soon as possible 2 times as soon as possible to pull open the time interval, the middle and then feed 1 times, so you can avoid the night fasting time is too long, should not be fed from time to time, when the amount of feeding time and time, pheasant hunger uneven. During the breeding process, the pheasant must be continuously supplied with clean drinking water.
(2) The group of chickens are sensitive and susceptible to fright. Therefore, before the pheasants are transferred to the colony, large, small, strong, and weak groups should be grouped so that the flocks can be reared and managed in groups for balanced growth. At the same time, pheasants are reared from the brooding cage to rearing flats. Sudden changes in environmental conditions make the pheasants nervous and panicked. They tend to pile up in the corners of the house and squeeze each other, causing excessive local density. At night, the weather is cooler and chicks are more likely to get together and cause death. In order to avoid crushed pheasant, we should use padding at a 30-degree angle on all corners of the corner to keep the grazing grass firm, so that pheasants can't get into the grass and reduce the crushed casualties. In the first 2-3 days of the transition, the night shift staff should promptly separate the crowded chicks.
(3) Drive and acclimation Under condition of rearing cages, in the first week of the colony, the pheasants are kept in the premises, fed regularly so that they are familiar with the environment and the operations of the keeper, etc., and conditioned reflexes are established. Not afraid of people, willing to approach people. At noon in warm weather, pheasants can be rushed to outdoor free activities and returned to the house before 4 pm. One week later, during the day, the pheasants were rushed to the net sports field and returned to the house at night. In case of rain, the pheasants should be promptly rushed back to their homes to prevent rain and cold. After a certain amount of conditions are reflected, they can open the door of the chicken house overnight to allow the pheasants to enter and leave freely.
(4) The net density is 6-8 per square meter at the age of 5 to 10 weeks. If the area of ​​the sports ground is included, it is 3-5 per square meter, and it is advisable to use less than 300 chickens. 11-week-old 3-4 per square meter, the sports ground area, 1.4-2.5 per square meter, according to male and female groups, each group of 100-200. According to reports, the breeding density during the breeding period is directly related to weight development, feather integrity, and disease epidemic. There was an inverse relationship between the rearing density and the growth and length of pheasants. When the rearing density was 2 per metre, the back and tail feathers grew well and there was no damage to the back and tail feathers. When the rearing density was 4-5/m2, the back feathers grew well, but the tail feathers were often damaged and some of the tail feathers could not grow. At a stocking density of 8 birds per metre, although the body weight can still meet the market standard, the number of back pheasant chickens is increased and the tail feathers are damaged. Therefore, we must strictly control the breeding density below 4/m2 to ensure the growth of feathers, especially tail feathers. Get a good market price.
(5) If the light is kept as a pheasant for breeding purposes, the male and female species should be managed with synchronised maturity at the appropriate time in accordance with the lighting requirements of the breeder. For meat pheasants, increased nighttime light was used to encourage pheasants to increase night-time feeding and drinking, and to increase growth rate and fat deposition. (6) Dietary Nutrition In the summer months when the weather is very hot and the winter is cold, the energy level of the quail chicken diet should be increased, and vitamins and trace elements should be added to ensure the growth and development of the broodstock.
(7) Hygiene and epidemic prevention During the breeding of pheasants, the disease prevention work that should be reserved for breeding chickens should be completed in this period. If the net room is raised in the rearing period, coccidiosis and fowl cholera should be prevented. Add drugs to the feed for prevention.
Breeding and management of pheasant breeders Young female pheasants can reach sexual maturity by 10 months of age, and male pheasants are sexually mature about 1 month later than female pheasants. The purpose of breeding and managing pheasants is to cultivate a robust breed of pheasants and produce more high quality eggs. Breeding pheasants have a long feeding time and can be divided into breeding preparation period (3- April), breeding season (May-July), moulting period (August-September), and wintering period (October to February) .
1. During the breeding preparation period, the weather is warmer and the sunshine increases. To promote estrus in pheasants, dietary energy and protein levels should be appropriately increased, and bran content should be reduced accordingly. Multivitamins and trace elements should be added to increase the activity space and reduce breeding. Density, the breeding area of ​​each species of pheasant chicken can be about 0.8 meters 2 / about. Rehabilitate pheasants and select groups of pheasants with robust and well-developed pheasants, with about 100 individuals in each group. The chicken house should also be rectified during this period. The net room floor is laid with 5 cm of fine sand. Set the nest box in the warmer part of the broiler house. Put a small amount of sawdust in the box. The bottom of the nest box should be inclined at 5 degrees so that the eggs can automatically roll into the egg collection trough after the egg is produced, avoiding breaking eggs, contaminating eggs and quail eggs. Asbestos baffles should be installed on the sports ground to reduce male and female fighting and increase the chance of copulation.
The focus of management during this period:
1 Do a good job of all epidemic prevention for breeder chickens before laying eggs, and do not do any immunization after the pheasants are put into production. Do a good job in the sanitation of chicken coops to prevent the spread of diseases.
2 Strengthen the work of feeding and managing the antenatal pheasants, and combine the immunization work to adjust the breeding pheasants. If the deficiencies of the breeding pheasants are not done well, the crickets will be broken during this period. To prevent licking, ('?' plus 'bird') egg behavior.
2. During the breeding period, pheasants need to increase protein levels due to egg production and breeding, and pay attention to the supplementation of vitamins and trace elements. Real estate pheasants generally begin to copulate on or about April 15 and the male to female ratio is 1:6-7. Female pheasants usually lay eggs from late April to early May. U.S. colorful pheasants began mating around March 20. During the laying period of real estate pheasants, the ration should be changed to the breeding diet around April 15th. The American pheasant broiler will change the ration on March 15th. During this period, the feed intake will gradually increase. The level of demand has also increased. In order to ensure more fertilized eggs and the qualified rate of breeding eggs, the full price of dietary nutrition is required, and the formula is stable and cannot be changed frequently.
The characteristics and requirements of the diet during the breeding season are as follows:
(1) The protein level is generally above 21%, especially during the high temperature season. It is necessary to stabilize the balance and supply high-quality full-price diets.
(2) dietary preparation 1 fish meal accounted for 10% -20%, domestic fish meal accounted for 10% of the diet, you do not need to add salt; 2 cake diets account for 20% -30% of the diet, must be fed 3, the proportion of yeast in the diet is 3% -7%, yeast is a high-quality protein and amino acid additive feed, when using yeast, can be appropriately reduced the proportion of animal feed; 4 chickens need more than the amount of fat Chicken height, when the female pheasant enters the peak of egg production, 2% - 3% of fat should be added to the diet; 5 green feed should account for 30% - 40% of the amount of feed, if green feed is insufficient, should be Vitamin supplements; 6 dietary calcium levels should be increased to 2% -3%.
Management during the breeding period:
Breeding and management of pheasants are focused on promoting the reproductive performance of pheasants. In addition, it also requires the strengthening of daily management, creating a quiet egg production environment, catching chickens, collecting eggs should be light and stable, do not panic, and maintain the relative stability of the group during this period. Diligent eggs, reduce broken eggs. Prevent ('?' plus 'bird') the occurrence of egg and quail eggs. Remove damaged eggs in time to avoid forming egg tarts. 3. Moulting begins after the end of the moulting period. In order to speed up moulting, dietary crude protein must be appropriately reduced. At the same time, adding 1% gypsum powder to the feed will help new feathers grow. In this period, disease, weak pheasants, and egg production performance that declines and exceeds their useful life should be eliminated. The male and female pheasants should be kept separately. 4. During the wintering period, the breeder flock should be adjusted to select breeding populations and general breeding groups. For pheasants, we will perform work such as cutting off lice and vaccination, and at the same time, we will do a good job of insulation so as to facilitate the early opening and production of pheasants in spring.
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