Efficient cultivation techniques of red bean and pest control measures
Runner bean is a perennial soft plant, but it is usually cultivated every year in a warm or cool climate. Runner bean is a high-quality hedgerow. It will climb over the fence in late summer and early autumn. The leaves are dark green and the flowers are bright red. It is very beautiful. The red bean has also a dwarf variety, which is planted in a flower pot to decorate the balcony. Vegetables of legumes are much easier to grow than fruits and vegetables, and there are fewer pests and diseases, and pollination is not required during flowering. The following small series will talk about the efficient cultivation techniques of runner beans.
1. Soil preparation and fertilization
Runner beans are not suitable for continuous cropping with legumes. They can be used as intercropping or single cropping. Choose soil that is loose and well drained.
Before the harvest, clean the garden in time, deep till the whole land, apply enough base fertilizer, apply 30-50kg of ternary compound fertilizer or 2000-3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per acre, and prepare the ground for sputum, 2m wide sulcus 2m ), plant 2 rows, plant spacing 40cm. If cultivated in small high ridge, the ridge distance is 1m, planting 1 row, plant spacing 40cm.
Second, sowing seedlings
Runner beans can be directly sown or transplanted. Production is generally based on live broadcast. The Spring Festival is planted in a greenhouse or greenhouse, and the ground temperature is stable at 10 degrees or more.
The sowing date varies depending on the climate of each place. It can be sown after the first ten months of April. When it is suitable for the sowing period or when there are facilities, it can be broadcast early and increase the yield.
Before planting, choose the same color, the seeds are fuller, and then soak for 1-2 days. Before planting, it is necessary to pour the bottom water and sow the seeds in the hole. Each hole is about 2-3, and the seeding depth is generally 10-15cm.
Since the cotyledons of the red bean are not unearthed, proper depth cultivation can increase their drought resistance. After sowing, cover the soil about 5cm thick, cover the mulch to warm and moisturize, and promote Qi Miao.
After the emergence of the seedlings, the membrane will be released in time to prevent burns. For the emergence of the lack of seedlings, it is necessary to time and seedlings to ensure seedlings. About 8kg per mu.
Third, field management
1. Fertilizer management
The root-fixing ability of runners is very weak. In addition to the application of base fertilizer, it is necessary to apply topdressing at the beginning of flowering and full bloom, and can apply 10-15kg of ternary compound fertilizer in divided doses. After entering flowering period, every 8-10 days. 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the left and right sides.
After each harvest of 2-3 times, it is necessary to combine irrigation, and apply one time of decomposed manure or phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer. Topdressing should be applied as far as possible to avoid contamination of the edible pods.
Pour the bottom water before planting, and properly control the water after emergence to prevent the seedlings from growing. During the flowering and pod-forming period, the weather is irrigated to keep the soil moist. If the rain is too much, it needs to be discharged in time to prevent water from accumulating in the gully.
2, cultivating and weeding
After the emergence of the red bean, it is necessary to carry out 2-3 times of cultivating and weeding. When the plant height is about 10cm, it is necessary to carry out one cultivating and weeding, and appropriate amount of top dressing to raise the seedlings. When the plant height is 30 cm, the second cultivating and weeding is carried out, and the roots are cultivated at the same time, so that the hypocotyls are more likely to grow adventitious roots, and the roots absorb the water and fertilizer absorption area.
3, scaffolding
The red bean is a vine-type variety, so when the plant height is about 30cm, it should be framed in time and the vine can be put on the shelf. The bracket can be shaped like a "human" or a triangular bracket.
In the flowering and pod-forming period, the side vines and topping should be timely, the spatial distribution of the plants should be adjusted to ensure the rational distribution of nutrients, inhibit the growth of stems and leaves of the red bean, promote the absorption of nutrients, increase the rate of pod formation, delay premature aging, and promote maturity.
Fourth, the main pest control
1. Pests
The main pest is aphids. The flowering period is seriously endangered, causing the flowers to fall into the pods and even die.
Control method: It can be controlled by spraying 50% malathion 1000-1500 times, or 20% methionin emulsifiable concentrate 600-800 times.
2, disease
Rust is the main disease of runner beans. It mainly harms the leaves, and in the case of serious damage to stems and pods.
The leaves are damaged, and the chlorotic spots appear at the beginning of the disease. Later, they become rust brown ridges and small plaques, accompanied by rupture of the epidermis, and red rust-colored powder. When the disease is serious, the stems and leaves will die early.
Control methods: implement rotation, rational close planting, pay attention to drainage, reduce field humidity, and clean the garden in time. In the early stage of the disease, 15% of the rusting 100 times solution can be used, and it can be sprayed once a week for 2-3 times.
The above is the high-efficiency cultivation technology and pest control of runner beans. The red bean has become the main export product in China, and it has been planted all over the world. Friends who want to grow runner beans must master the cultivation techniques.
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