Dwarf anvil apple modern science cultivation technology
1, high standards to build the park
When constructing the garden, planting ditch with a width of 1m and a depth of 80cm along the line width of the row is planted, and the mature soil is turned into the bottom of the ditch. The sorghum is used for cultivation, and the width is 1 to 1.5 m and the height is 15 to 20 cm. With the planting line as the center, the soil with a thickness of 10 to 15 cm within a width of 1 m was concentrated on both sides of the planting line into a concrete, and the surface was watered.
The best choice for seedlings is two years or more. The seedling height is 1.2m or more, the diameter of the base is more than 1cm, the root system is complete, no pests, no air drying. Strict seedling grading, the difference in height, thickness, and verticality of seedlings is controlled within 10%, and the root size and species are the same. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the unqualified seedlings. And before planting, roots should be cut, rotted roots should be cut off, then soaked in water for 24 hours, and sprayed with lime sulfur and other agents to disinfect seedlings.
When planting, planting points of 40cm in length, width and depth were dug by planting points at fixed points. When planting, the seedlings were planted in the planting hole after the roots were plucked with mud, and then planted. After the water was soaked, the mulch on each tree plate was covered. Soil compaction. Set a plastic bag with a width of 5cm and a length of 80 to 100cm on the tree trunk, tighten the bottom of the bag and remove it after germination.
A cement support is erected every 10m to establish a bamboo pole. The height of the support and the column from the ground is 3 to 4m. A stainless steel wire is pulled along the horizontal direction at the support, the column at the distance of 1m, 2m and 3m from the ground, and the two ends of the pull wire should be tightened and strongly solidified. The column was tied to three wires and the seedlings were tied to the column.
2, soil fertilizer management
Orchard grows grass. Natural grasses are taken between the orchards to remove the weeds and other weeds. When the grass is about 30cm, weeding can ensure fruit tree nutrients.
Fertilizer management. 2 to 4 years after planting, organic fertilizer is mainly applied, and 200-300 kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied per 666.7 m2, and 20-30 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash are used. The result is that the tree is applied with composted organic fertilizer in accordance with the weight of pounds of fruit. The fertilizer is mainly composed of compound fertilizers for fruit trees. In general, pure nitrogen (N) 2 kg, pure phosphorus (P2O5) 1 kg, and pure potassium (K2O) 0.8 kg are required for every 100 kg of apples produced.
3, flower and fruit management
Wall bee pollinates. In the orchard, a box is placed at a spacing of 40 to 50 m. Before the flowering, 2 to 3 days, 200 beehives are placed every 666.7 m2. The diameter of the nest box is 5.5 to 6.5 mm and the length is 15 to 16.5 cm. The nest tube is sealed at the bottom of the tube and the tube mouth is coated with red, yellow, green and white colors. Each nest box is set with 100 to 200 nest tubes. The front of the nest box is wide, digging a small hole around and keeping water. Insecticides are forbidden during the bee period.
Thinning and thinning fruit. Usually about 15 days after flowering, each fruit has a center fruit and leaves fruit, small fruit, pods, and buds.
Fruit management. Take fruit bagging, choose a big, shape, no pests, no stab wound fruit fruit pockets. When bagging, set the inner and outer sleeves and cover the peripheral fruit first, then cover the upper part and cover the lower part. 10 to 15 days before fruit picking, remove the bag after watering. It is advisable to take 10% to 15% of the leaf volume, and at the same time, the leaves should be transferred lightly and the fruit should be fully exposed to light.
4, pruning
Yanfu 3/M26/ Octopus adopts a spindle-shaped tree. The height of the tree is 3.5～4m, and the center stem is cultured with 20～25 main branches or large fruiting branch groups with interval of 20～30cm. It is distributed spirally. The main branch directly produces the result branch group. The result is that the branch group is uniaxially extended. Small spindle. The ratio of branch axis diameter to stem diameter of the main branches or large fruit shoot groups is 1:2 to 3 ( FIG. 3 ).
The pruning of Yanfu 3/M26/Origomilia striata adopts the measures of “cutting and slicing in one year and two years, and three-year branches to promote flower budsâ€. In that year, when the park was growing, the growing garden plots had a strong growth potential. Branches are left with 1 or 2 buds and are extremely heavy and short-cut. When the wintery crops are pruned in winter, they are often cut short or sparse, and the stems of the central extension are lightly chopped or dumped. In the second year, if the lateral branches are below 5 or weaker, they are continuously pruned. In the 2nd to 3rd years, the main branch was opened at an angle of 90 to 110, adopting the measures of “retaining and leaving competition and pulling shoots and buds simultaneouslyâ€, and using fertilizer and water control methods to promote flower buds. In the fourth year, we adhered to the practice of “first and foremost, gradually adjusting,†and went to stay large and small, generally removing 1 to 2 large branches to stabilize the tree potential.
5. Pest control
Pest control should be based on the improvement of tree resistance, comprehensive application of agricultural, biological and physical measures to reduce the number of chemical control. Clearing trees in winter to reduce the source of diseases and insects. Cut pests and branches, remove litter, reduce the number of disease and insect winter base. Grass growing between the rows can promote root growth and reduce the occurrence of physiological diseases. The fruit is bagged to control the damage of peach borer. For frequency-type insecticidal lamps, one lamp is installed every 5333.6 to 6667 m2 (8 to 10 acres). Chemical prevention is based on mineral-originated pesticides, biopesticides are the mainstay, and low-toxicity organic synthetic pesticides are used as supplements. Limited use of poisoning pesticides is prohibited, and the use of highly toxic, highly toxic, and high-residue pesticides is prohibited.
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