At present, peach trees are undergoing physiological fruit drop, rapid young fruit growth, and long-term new shoots. The main pests and diseases of peach trees have also begun to enter an active period. The main contents of field management in May include summer pruning, fruit thinning, bagging, and pest control.
Summer scissors
Adjust the shape and vigor of the peach tree by topping, pruning, and controlling branches to prevent physiological fruit drop caused by the competition between the new shoots and the fruit. Generally, when the upright new shoots grow to about 15-20 cm, leave 5 cm at the base (usually leave 4-5 leaves), cut off the upper tender shoots, and remove the upwardly growing competitive shoots, over-dense shoots and inner shoots near the main shoots. The chamber grows branches and so on to prevent the peach trees from closing. The leafless branches of peach trees should be removed from the base in time to reduce nutrient waste of peach trees.
Thinning
Fruit thinning is one of the important measures to improve the fruit quality of the year. Through fruit thinning, the amount of fruit set is controlled, so that the peach trees can be reasonably loaded. Generally, the number of adult peach trees (small fruit type) is controlled at 220-250, and the number of adult peach trees (large fruit type) is controlled at 180-200. Generally, 2 fruits are left on long fruit branches, and 1 fruit is left on medium and short fruit branches. The back fruit, basal fruit, small fruit, deformed fruit, and diseased fruit are removed. The fruit thinning time differs depending on the fruit setting characteristics and maturity period of each variety. This year, there is more rain during the flowering period of peach trees, and the peach trees in some areas are affected by freezing damage during the flowering period, and the fruit setting rate has decreased, so the fruit thinning time should be delayed accordingly. It is expected that varieties with high fruit-setting rate such as "Xinfeng Honey Dew" and "Hujing Honey Dew" will start from mid-to-late May. Varieties such as "Big Tuan Honey Dew" and "White Flower" will be available in the hard-core period according to the condition of the tree. Thinning after physiological fruit drop. The amount of fruit retained should be flexibly controlled according to the strength of the tree, and follow the principle of “leaving less in the lower part, more in the middle and upper part, less in the inner chamber, and more in the peripheryâ€.
Bagging
Varieties with high fruit setting rate and light physiological fruit drop in hard-core period should be bagged early, such as "Hujing Honey Dew" and "Xinfeng Honey Dew" can be bagged after fruit thinning in late May; varieties with low fruit setting rate and no pollen Varieties with heavier fruit drop during the hard-core period should be bagged later, such as "Big Tuan Honey Dew", "Chuanzhong Island" and other varieties. The sequence of bagging must be inside first, then outside, up and then down for the entire canopy. Before bagging, a comprehensive operation of disease prevention and pest control must be carried out. Bagging should be completed within 2-3 days after spraying. In case of rain, it should be sprayed again and then covered. The paper bags are made of peach tree pollution-free special machine-made bags, and the use of newspaper bags is forbidden.
Pest Control
May is a critical period for the occurrence and control of pests and diseases. It is necessary to keep in mind the principle of "early prevention and early treatment" to reduce the number of pests that occur throughout the year. The main pests and diseases of peach trees this month are: aphids, small pear borer, bacterial perforation disease, brown rot, anthracnose, and red-necked longhorn beetle, etc. The drugs should be used reasonably according to the weather conditions.
1. Pear heartworm: According to the forecast in the early period of this year, it is recommended to spray 20% cypermethrin 1500 times solution (30 kg of water with 10ml of liquid) +20 during the peak period of the first generation adult of Pear heartworm (mid-early May) % Chlorfenuron No. 3 suspension 1500 times solution (add 10ml of liquid in 30 kg of water) for prevention and treatment. At the beginning of this month, check the damage of the new shoots in the orchard in time. If the new shoots are found to be withered, cut them off 2-3 cm below the withered area in time, and take the withered shoots out of the orchard for deep burying treatment to reduce the number of first-generation adults.
2. Bacterial perforation disease: According to the observation, the disease occurred earlier this year. It can be sprayed with 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder 3000 times (30 kg of water added 5g) or 4% Ningnanmycin 500-600 times (30 kg of water added 25-30ml), in late May (the peach leaf surface is still relatively young in mid-May, avoid using) you can spray 1:1:200 zinc sulfate lime solution for prevention and control ( Note that it should be used alone, not mixed with other pesticides). The orchard where this disease occurred last year should be paid more attention to.
3. Brown rot and anthracnose: In mid-to-late May, combined with pest control, spray a solution of 600-800 times solution of 70% mancozeb (Meisheng) wettable powder (add 20-25g in 30 kg of water).
4. Aphids: The incidence of this insect is high from the end of April to the beginning of May. Pay close attention to it. You can spray 10% imidacloprid WP 1200 times (12.5g in 30 kg of water).
5. Peach red-necked longhorn beetle: often patrol the peach orchard and find that there are sawdust under the peach tree, and the larvae should be caught manually in time.
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