Cultivation Techniques
With the rapid development of the national economy and the significant increase in people’s living standards, the pursuit of safe, nutritious and high-quality pollution-free agricultural products has become the consensus of the majority of residents. Green food is the first choice for people to consume. In order to meet the demand for the development of pollution-free vegetables, we conducted a pollution-free cultivation experiment of Chinese cabbage in Xinsanyuan Village from 2002 onwards, mainly through the use of insect-proof nets and the reduction of pesticide application to carry out summer cabbage production. Staged results. The pollution-free cultivation of Chinese cabbage in Jinsha Town is summarized as follows:
(1) Insect protection: From May to September each year, greenhouses cover 20 to 24 meshes (0.78 to 0.95 mm in diameter) silver-gray insect nets for the summer cabbage cultivation. In general, each standard greenhouse (30 meters long and 6 meters wide) requires 360 square meters of insect nets, which can effectively prevent adult insects from laying eggs and larvae, cut off the transmission route of insect pests, and has an obvious pest control effect. Through the experimental comparison, it was found that the 20-24 mesh silver-gray insect nets are effective in preventing and cooling the pests. Although the black insect nets have lower temperature than the silver gray insect nets, the pest control effect is poor. According to the experiment, the control efficacy of silver-gray insect nets on the main insect pests of pakchoi reached 92% and 81% after 10 days and 20 days after the emergence of pakchoi respectively, and the pest control effect was satisfactory.
(2) Reducing the amount of pesticides: According to the production practice, cabbages covered with insect nets throughout the day are generally free from pesticides. Compared with open field production, the average number of cabbages listed on the 25th day can be reduced by 5 times per pod to ensure that they are small. Cabbage safe and pollution-free production.
(3) Antivirus disease: Because insect nets can effectively prevent the harm of aphids and thus control the virus diseases transmitted by aphids, summer cabbage cultures covered with insect nets generally do not have virus diseases.
(4) Reduce labor, increase income and reduce expenditures: According to the production practice, cover the cultivated cabbage with a 22-mesh (aperture diameter of about 0.88 mm) silver-gray insect nets, increase the yield by 40 kg per 667 square meters, and reduce the use of drugs 6 times. , Save on pesticide costs by 48 yuan, Save on labor costs by 3, equivalent to 75 yuan, minus 80 yuan for pest control network investment (Insect nets are used for 5 years, annual depreciation is 4 years, and depreciation is 80 yuan per unit), no pollution The premium price of Chinese cabbage increased by 362 yuan, with a total increase of 405 yuan. According to incomplete statistics, in 2003 and 2004, Jinsha Town applied a total of more than 65,000 square meters of insect-repellent nets each year to produce 39 kilograms of pollution-free vegetables, which was well received and praised by consumers.
Pest Control
1. Yellow plate technology
Using the yellowing characteristics of locusts, seven to eight insect-shelter boards with yellow paint and oil coating were hung in each standard greenhouse to kill maggots, which can kill worms and other pests that escaped the nets in the insect-proof nets and reduce the number of medications used. The cabbage production achieves the goal of safety and pollution-free, and the effect of increasing revenues and reducing expenditures is obvious.
2. Frequency vibration insecticidal lamp application technology
Light trapping is a physical control method that utilizes the phototaxis of pests. We use this method at the Xinsanyuan pollution-free vegetable production base, which is safe and efficient, and can be widely promoted in major vegetable production areas. Light trapping can reduce the density of insect populations and reduce the use of pesticides, which are manifested in:
(1) There are a large variety of insect traps. According to our experiments in a pollution-free vegetable production base in Xinsanyuan Village, pests stalked by frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps mainly include Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, and ground tigers, and in particular, the largest nocturnal insect pests have occurred in recent years. Since most pesticides cannot kill these pests after the third instar, the use of this method shows better control effects.
(2) There is a large number of insect pests. According to the test of the new three-vegetable vegetable production base, 275.6 heads of insects per day were trapped and killed during the period from July to October.
(3) reduce the number of chemical control and dosage. According to experiments, the use of frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp cabbage than the control (conventional management) to reduce the use of drugs about 2 times per pup, the drug dosage is also reduced by about 20%, is conducive to reducing the pollution of pesticides to vegetables and the environment, thereby promoting vegetables The sustainable development of the industry.
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