Nutrition is the material basis for the growth and development of children and adolescents, and it is also an important factor in improving health and improving physical fitness. The nutrition of children and adolescents is not only to supplement the energy consumption in the life and learning process, but also to meet the energy needs of normal growth and development.
Children and adolescents are in a period of vigorous physical and mental development. The provision of adequate amounts and excellent quality nutrition is of vital importance to ensure their normal physical and mental development. Rationally arranging nutrition will help improve work ability and academic performance, promote good development and reduce disease, and malnutrition will lead to physical development disorders and mental retardation, resulting in a significant decline in learning efficiency, chronic malnutrition will reduce the risk of infection in children and adolescents The resistance of the disease causes specific immune dysfunction, leading to an increase in the incidence of infectious diseases.
Nutritional characteristics of children and adolescents
1. Children and adolescents have rapid growth and development, and their metabolism is very strong. To meet the needs of growth and development, the quantity of heat and various nutrients required is relatively high for adults.
2. Digestion and metabolism in children and adolescents are significantly different from those in adults, and they gradually transition to adulthood as they grow and develop.
3. The individual developmental speed of children and adolescents has greater individual differences, so individual differences in nutrient requirements are also greater.
4. The younger children and adolescents are, the more likely they are to suffer from nutritional deficiencies.
The needs of children and adolescents for various nutrients
The amount of heat energy needed by children and adolescents is directly proportional to the growth rate. Daily calorie requirements are calculated for each kilogram of body weight. The smaller the age, the greater the need. The source of heat energy is the three major heat-producing nutrients in foods, namely proteins, fats and carbohydrates. For children and adolescents, the proportion of protein heating should be increased appropriately to meet the growth and development needs.
1. Protein: Protein is the foundation of life. It is an important nutrient that constitutes the body's constituents, renews repaired tissues, regulates physiological functions, and supplies calories. The protein supply of children and adolescents must maintain positive nitrogen balance (that is, the intake of food from the food and the amount of nitrogen stored in the body is greater than the amount of nitrogen released) to ensure that there is sufficient protein for the body's growth and development needs.
2. Fat: Fat is an important nutrient that supplies heat, maintains body temperature, constitutes tissue cells, particularly sphingomyelin that constitutes brain and outer nervous tissue, and promotes the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
3. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates, also known as sugars, are the most economical and most important sources of energy for humans. In addition to the supply of heat, carbohydrates also have many important physiological functions: sugars can form glycoproteins with proteins and are essential components of many hormones, enzymes, and antibodies; mucins in glycoproteins are important components of cartilage, bone, and corneas. Ingredients; Glycolipids formed by the combination of sugars and lipids are the major components of nerve tissue; sugar is also involved in the formation of genetic material nucleic acids.
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