Causes and Prevention of Engine Oil Leakage in Diesel Engines
The three leakage of diesel engine, especially the leakage of oil, is a relatively common phenomenon. It not only seriously affects the cleanliness of the machine's appearance, increases the consumption of oil, speeds up the wear of related parts, but also easily causes major mechanical accidents such as burning tiles and holding shafts. Oil leakage can be divided into two categories, one is the leakage of the dynamic contact surface, and the other is the leakage of the static joint surface. First, the oil leakage on the dynamic contact surface 1. The seal of the dynamic contact surface is mainly the role of the oil seal, and the quality of the oil seal itself directly affects the seal quality of the oil seal. Therefore, during the installation, the lip of the rubber seal lip should be strictly inspected, and defects such as incompleteness, aging, or incision must not be allowed. When hitting the oil seal, the force should be applied evenly to the oscillating shoulders near the outer diameter to ensure the assembly quality. 2. When the diesel engine is in operation, high-speed rotating shafts and stationary oil seals are in constant contact with each other to generate friction. The speed of wear is closely related to the surface roughness of the journal, hardness, and eccentricity of the oil seal on the shaft. Therefore, the oil seal shaft must be installed. The surface roughness of the neck is 1.6-1.4, hardness is HRC45-60, and the eccentricity of the sealing surface of the shaft is generally not more than 0.025mm. With the increase of the rotation speed, the eccentricity is allowed to be reduced, otherwise oil leakage may easily occur. 3. The size of the shaft and the oil seal will affect the seal of the oil seal. If the size of the shaft is too large, sealability can be ensured, but the oil seal can easily cause early wear and greatly shorten the service life. 4. Care must be taken when installing the oil seal. Cleaning has a very close relationship with the service life of the oil seal and whether there is oil leakage. If mechanical impurities are mixed during installation, the abrasive seal and the journal surface will cause abrasive wear and accelerate the wear rate of the journal and oil seal. In addition, impurities are mixed between the journal and the surface of the oil seal, so that the oil seal is not easy to seal, and oil leakage is easily caused. 5. When installing the oil seal, attention must be paid to the installation method. Otherwise, the centerline of the oil seal may not coincide with the centerline of the shaft, or the oil seal may be damaged. As a result, oil leakage may occur. Therefore, when installing the oil seal, you should try to adjust the seal seat to maintain concentricity with the bearing and shaft. This requires consideration of the installation tools and methods. 6. Keeping the oil circuit open is an important measure to prevent oil leakage. If the oil circuit is too small or blocked, the oil at the oil seal will accumulate too much and the pressure will increase, which can easily cause oil leakage at the oil seal. For this reason, care must be taken when maintaining the oil at the usual time: (1) Care must be taken when cleaning. Dust outdoor maintenance, in addition to banned the use of cotton yarn to wipe the internal parts of the machine to avoid blocking the oil yarn head. (2) Maintain the lubrication system on time and clean the oil coarse and fine filter in time; when replacing the oil, clean the lubricant road carefully. (3) When the oil pressure is found to be too high, the cause should be ascertained and eliminated promptly. In addition, the vent hole of the crankcase should always be kept open to prevent the pressure in the crankcase from rising and the gas to swell, so it must be maintained in time. For single-cylinder diesel engines, negative pressure valves may be installed to maintain positive or negative pressure in the crankcase. The negative pressure valve effectively solves the leakage problem, reduces the oil leakage phenomenon and reduces the oil consumption. Because the negative pressure valve window has oil and gas discharge, there are oil on the reed, bottom plate and baffle inside the housing, and dust easily sticks to the top, so the negative pressure valve should pay attention to maintenance. The maintenance period should generally be determined according to the actual situation. The maintenance period of the diesel engine that is fixed and operated in a clean environment can be longer; when working under dusty conditions, the maintenance period should be shorter. When maintaining the negative pressure valve, it should be removed and placed in clean firewood or kerosene. When cleaning, do not excessively move the reeds, or use metal to warp to prevent the reed from warping and lose its effect. Second, the static joint oil leakage Static joint oil leakage causes and preventive measures are as follows: 1. The quality of static joint itself, it is mainly determined by the precision of processing equipment and storage conditions. If the precision of the equipment is high, the flatness and roughness of the static joint surface can meet the design requirements of the drawings, and in the process of storage and transportation, attention is paid to preventing bumps and the like, and it is not difficult to achieve complete sealing of the static joint surface. However, due to the low accuracy and process level of some manufacturers, the storage and transportation conditions and management levels cannot completely ensure no bumps and scratches. 2. Poor operation techniques during maintenance. At present, most of the agricultural locomotives belong to the household camp. Therefore, self-repairing is generally used. Because the level of repair technology cannot keep up, self-repairing often causes problems of this kind or other. In particular, when the machine is disassembled and installed, it does not pay attention to methods, and it lacks special tools to generate parts. Deformation or even damage. Due to the deformation of the part, oil leakage occurs. At present, the main disassembly method is to use the main bearing cover mounting bolts, screw into the main housing cover diagonally disassemble screw holes, top out the main bearing cover. It is difficult to synchronize the progress of the two bolts during the disassembly process, which is the main reason for the deformation of the main bearing seat cover. The preventive measures are: (1) Simultaneous operation method should be adopted during the disassembly process, if two people operate at the same time, try to achieve even twisting of the bolt; (2) Use puller as much as possible in the place where conditions permit, in order to fundamentally solve Synchronization issues. 3. The quality of purchased or self-made paper mats is not satisfactory, such as insufficient thickness, improper storage, wrinkle deformation, or attention to cleaning during assembly, dirt and impurities, which are the causes of oil leakage. 4. The use of sealed adhesives can seal, leak-proof, tighten and block gaps to prevent leakage of oil. 5. If the oil pressure is too high, it also causes leakage of the oil at the static joint surface. The reason and preventive measures are the same as those for the oil seal. Author: Heilongjiang Province Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. Qing'an County Agricultural Machinery Promotion Station, Heilongjiang Province
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