Identification and prevention of apple water heart disease
Apple water heart disease is also known as saccharification and honey disease. It is an apple physiological disease, which occurs mostly in the late stage of fruit ripening and storage. The lesions of water heart disease occur more in the heart of the heart, and can also occur in any part of the pulp, so that the fruit of the diseased fruit is hard and water-stained, with a serious incidence of the heart and its vicinity, and the diseased tissue along the apple ventricle. The rays expand from the inside to the outside, and the gap between the diseased fruit cells is filled with a transparent water-stained substance. When the disease is serious, the lesions are visible on the outside of the fruit, and the diseased peel is water-stained. At the end of the storage period, the flesh becomes soft and rot.
Regarding the prevention and treatment of apple water heart disease, Zhang Ligong pointed out: 1. Strengthening the management of soil and fertilizer water, mainly to change soil and increase fertilizer. Through the grass garden between the orchard, re-applying organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer, adding soil conditioner and other improved soil, pay attention to controlling nitrogen fertilizer in production, appropriate application of phosphate fertilizer and medium and trace element fertilizer, especially calcium fertilizer supplement, to promote root development. To reduce the occurrence of diseases. In addition to the application of calcium-containing medium and trace element fertilizers, the calcium nitrate was applied once before and after flowering. 2, according to the size of the tree and the strength of the tree, the age of the tree and other reasonable loads, control the growth of autumn shoots, weaken the new shoots and other competition for calcium fertilizer. 3. Harvest at the right time. A lot of practical experience proves that the later the apple is harvested, the more likely it is to have water heart disease, and the production should be harvested according to the growth period of the fruit. 4, the fruit surface sprayed with calcium fertilizer. After the flower is dropped until the fruit is bagged, the leaf surface sprays 400 times of amino acid calcium, or 1000 times of calcium sugar alcohol + 1500 times of liquid boron of Australiadale 3-4 times. After bagging, spray at least 3-4 times of calcium glycolate before harvesting. When picking up the bag, spray 1000 times of calcium sugar alcohol + 1000-1500 times of liquid boron of Australia, to reduce the occurrence of water heart disease. 5, due to calcium fertilizer and potassium fertilizer antagonistic phenomenon, prone to water heart disease varieties and orchards, fruit ripening period to pay attention to appropriate reduction of potassium fertilizer use, increase calcium fertilizer is conducive to reducing the incidence of water heart disease. It can also use a water-soluble potassium dihydrogen phosphate + high-quality calcium glycol mixed spray, which not only improves the fruit quality, but also has a weight-increasing effect, increasing production and income.
Apple cracking prevention method
The main site of the cracked fruit is at the apple stalk and the shoulder of the fruit, and the crotch is lighter. Some cracks began to crack from both sides of the stem to the upper part of the stem, and some formed small cracks around the stem at the stem, and some cracked in the stem with the fruit stem as the center of the stem. The disease is not only prone to loss of water during the high temperature and dry weather during fruit ripening and during storage, but also susceptible to other diseases rot.
In response to the problem of cracking fruit, Zhang Ligong proposed the following prevention and control methods: 1. Strengthen the management of orchard. Remove too many branches, open branches and angles, improve the ventilation and light conditions of the orchard. 2. During the fruit coloring period, the fruit coloring and the healthy development of the peel are promoted by measures such as leaf picking, fruit turning, and ground reflective film. In case of dry and wet weather changes, it is necessary to water in time to prevent cracking. 3. Rational fertilization and soil improvement. Orchard fertilization should be based on farmyard manure, green manure and other organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers. Pay attention to balanced fertilization, properly control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and timely supplement calcium, boron, potassium and other fertilizers. When applying the base fertilizer in autumn, it is recommended to re-apply organic fertilizer and Fengjilong bio-organic fertilizer, and increase the application of medium and trace element fertilizers, and the effect of soil conditioner is better. 4. Before the fruit matures, spray 1000 times of calcium sugar alcohol + 500-800 times of high fat film to reduce cracking. 5, pay attention to control the temperature and humidity of the storage fruit bank, to avoid excessive or too low causing cracking.
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