6 key technologies for no-tillage live rapeseed in paddy fields
Paddy field no-tillage direct rapeseed planting technology is mainly to directly plant the rapeseed seeds after the rice is harvested, and the soil is simply flattened. This farming method not only saves labor but also creates the best economic benefits. Here are six key technologies for planting no-till live rapeseed in rice fields.
First, scientific selection
Scientific selection of rapeseed seeds is the prerequisite for ensuring high yield and high quality of rapeseed. Therefore, according to the growth characteristics of the varieties, high-quality rapeseed varieties with low branching, high yield, strong disease resistance and strong lodging resistance can be selected to choose full and healthy. Rape seeds can ensure the normal development of rapeseed to ensure the yield and quality of rapeseed. At the same time, according to the climatic and environmental conditions of the planting area, select suitable rapeseed varieties and adjust the field management measures.
Seed treatment can be carried out before sowing in order to increase the survival rate of the seed. Carefully screen the seeds to remove decayed, broken seeds, leaving seeds that are full, healthy, and evenly sized. Soaking seeds: soaking seeds with warm water of 50 to 54 °C for 15 to 20 minutes can kill bacteria and germination. After soaking seeds, choose to dry for 2 to 3 days in sunny weather, which can kill seed surface bacteria and increase seed germination rate. Dressing with pesticides: It can control the occurrence of seed-borne diseases and can also cure seedling pests to promote Miaoqi and Miaozhuang.
Second, Daejeon preparation
The rice field no-tillage direct seeding rape cultivation technique should try to keep the rice pile as low as possible when harvesting rice, whether it is artificial harvesting or machine harvesting. Evenly spreading the straw in the field after harvesting can increase the emergence rate of rapeseed and the control of weeds. Ditch drainage: the main trench depth is >0.5m, the side trench depth is >0.4m, and the trench is >0.3m. Spread the ditch soil evenly on the side of the car to ensure that the car is flat. Before sowing, 61% of glyphosate and salt should be used for field spraying to avoid the regeneration of rice piles, or the grain buds that are accidentally dropped during rice harvesting and effectively inhibit the growth of weeds to ensure the growth of rapeseed.
Third, timely seeding
Seed treatment before sowing can improve the emergence rate of rapeseed, and it is necessary to do the seeding and soaking work. Watering must be done according to the soil moisture before sowing. It must wait until the water has completely penetrated into the soil before planting. The rice field no-tillage live rapeseed was carried out in late October, with a seed amount of 200-300 g per mu. The sowing method can be carried out by stripping, hole sowing or spreading, etc., and the method of seeding and hole broadcasting is better. The depth of hole sowing is generally 3 to 3.5 cm, the row spacing is 30 to 33 cm, and the plant spacing is 35 cm. 4 to 5 seeds per hole are guaranteed to have 7 000 to 8 000 holes per acre. The line spacing is 30 to 35 cm. Spread and spread the fine soil, borax and seeds directly on the car surface and broadcast 2/3 of the quantitative amount. Then use the remaining 1/3 to make up the whole field.
Fourth, scientific fertilization
Scientific fertilization is an important measure to ensure the yield and quality of rapeseed and achieve high yield and stable yield.
1. Before planting, apply 20~30 kg of organic compound fertilizer per acre, 1 000 kg of pig manure water, and 0.5 kg of boron fertilizer for even application as base fertilizer.
2. Immediately after sowing, apply fertilizer, mix 500 kg of soil and fertilizer + 10 kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu and sprinkle it in the seeding ditch or seeding hole; if it is spread, apply 50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu to the surface.
3, light application of seedlings and fertilizer combined with the fixed seedlings, per acre with human and animal fertilizer 250 ~ 500kg + urea 2.5 kg pouring. Generally, in the middle and late December, the fertilizer is applied, and the semi-fertilized farmyard manure plus phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied to the seedling base to enhance the resistance of rapeseed to ensure the wintering of the seedlings.
4, after the spring, apply fertilizer, per acre with human and animal fertilizer 500 ~ 750 kg + urea 5 kg + borax 0.5 kg for water. During the full bloom period, 0.15 kg of borax and 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were used for foliar spray fertilizer to prevent premature fat loss and premature senescence.
V. Strengthening field management
Reasonable field management can effectively increase the yield and quality of crops. Therefore, farmers need to combine cultivating and topdressing with early and fixed seedlings. Paddy field no-tillage live rapeseed is generally densely diluted between the seedlings during the period of 2 to 3 leaves; 1 to 5 thousand seedlings per acre are fixed in 4 to 5 leaves. The no-till live rapeseed must be ploughed 2 to 3 times in the seedling stage and combined with cultivating to cultivate the roots to prevent lodging. In case of autumn and winter drought, do drought and waterlogging for irrigation 1 or 2 times; clear the ditch, prevent flooding and prevent water stains after the rain, and avoid wet damage.
Sixth, pest control
The pests and diseases of no-till live rapeseed mainly include cabbage caterpillars, aphids, sclerotinia, and downy mildew.
1. Seedling stage: Controlling aphids and cabbage caterpillars can be controlled by drugs such as imidacloprid or omethoate.
2, middle and late: more branches, more leaves cause shade in the field, plus spring rain is more prone to Sclerotium disease, it is necessary to clear the ditch in time and remove the old leaves, yellow leaves, diseased leaves, in the initial flowering and flowering period Spraying 50 kg of water with 40% carbendazim WP.
Rice field no-tillage live rapeseed technology not only reduces the production cost but also does not miss the time of farming. It also creates the maximum yield per unit area of ​​soil. Farmers who want to grow rapeseed can try it!
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